1917] VETERINARY MEDICINE. 483 



protect the interests of stockmen against losses following vaccination." The 

 indiscriminate use of tlie simultaneous method of vaccination in nonexposed 

 herds was pointed out as a source of danger, and was not recommended. 



Bacillus abortus as an etiological factor in infectious abortion in swine, 

 E. S. Good and W. V. Smith {Jour. Bad., 1 (1916), No. 4, pp. 4/5-422).— The 

 authors at the Kentucky Experiment Station isolated B. abortus from the 

 afterbirth of an aborting sow and from the contents of the umbilicus, heart, 

 liver, and stomach of two aborted fetuses. The strain isolated from the sow 

 responded to all the biological and physiological tests of the strains isolated 

 from the uterine exudates of aborting cows, except that the original culture 

 grew in the air after the first generation. 



The intravenous inoculation of a pregnant sow with 2 cc. of an agar slant 

 culture in normal saline of the bacillus secured from the aborting sow caused 

 an abortion in 17 days. Feeding the organism to another pregnant sow pro- 

 duced an abortion in 19 days. The organism was again isolated from the 

 aborted fetuses. " The blood serum of each of these sows, after aborting, 

 completely agglutinated a strain of B. abortus derived from an aborting cow, in 

 a dilution of 1:100. The comi^lement was fixed in each case with 0.02 ce. of 

 the serum. The serum of a normal hog did not agglutinate in any dilution, uor 

 did it fix the complement." 



Equine spirillosis in Morocco, Vei.u {Rec. MM. V^t., 92 (1916), No. 7, pp. 

 215-22Ji, figs. 2). — The author reports the occurrence of an equine spirillosis 

 in Moi'occo which may be confounded clinically with cases of trypanosomiasis. 

 The affection is benign and experimental diagnosis is easy, since the causal 

 agent is inoculable into the dog, rabbit, and white rat. 



Leukemia of the fowl: Spontaneous and experimental, H. C. Schmeisseb 

 (Johns Hopkins Hasp. Rpts., 17 (1916), pp. 551-586, pis. 4). — "The spontaneous 

 occurrence of myeloid leukemia of the fowl is confirmed. Myeloid leukemia in 

 the fowl is transmissible by the intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of an 

 organic emulsion." 



The role of the flag'ellated protozoa in infective processes of the intestines 

 and liver, P. B. Hadley (Rhode Island Sta. Bui. 166 (1916), pp. S-J/O, pis. S). — 

 In this contribution the author presents evidence of the pathogenic role of the 

 flagellated protozoan. Trichomonas, in an almost invariably fatal cecal and 

 hepatic infection in birds. In the first part he deals with the infecting organism 

 and in the second with the parasites in the tissues. 



The Trichomonas studied is found in the intestines of all poultry, as well as 

 of most other animals. In the intestines the flagellates are present in the cecal 

 contents, but are found mainly in the mucus layer overlying the epithelium, 

 and often deep in the crypts of Lieberkiihn. Reproduction i,s by simple fission, 

 taking place mainly in the cecal content; also by encystation and spore forma- 

 tion, probably the common method of reproduction in the tissues. Ameboid 

 forms are also encountered, especially in the tissues. 



" The gross pathological picture includes congestion and enlargement of por- 

 tions of the whole or part of one or both ceca, together with the presence of 

 large, circular, yellowish, discrete or confiuent, necrotic areas on the liver. 

 These foci extend deep into the tissues. Frequently the ceca may contain a 

 solid, cheesy or leathery, yellow or blood-stained core, composed of coagulated 

 serum, fibrin, and cellular elements. The lumina are frequently quite oblit- 

 erated. Fusions between the ceca and loops of the intestine, liver, or gizzard 

 may sometimes occsr ; also between the liver and proventriculus. 



" The microscopical pathological features involve the penetration of the 

 epithelial wall by the parasites and a progressive infection of the subepithelial 



