19171 



RURAL ENGINEERING. 



487 



prices, includinf: rnsing. were about $1 per foot for wolls with 3-in. casing, $1.25 

 for wells with 4-in. casing, and $1.50 for wells with 5-in. casing. . . . 



" Development of irrigation supplies from flowing wells is practically limited 

 to the river bottom lauds and the lowest bottom lands in the Hot Springs Creek 

 drainage basin. Artesian supplies can be obtained on the bottom lands in 

 considerable quantities at low cost, but on the higher lands in only small quanti- 

 tie.s and at very In'gh cost for irrigation." 



The alkali content of irrigation waters, R. Stewart and C. T. Hikst {Utah 

 8t(i. liul. 147 {Ii)16), pp. 3-18, fig. 1). — Analyses are reported of samples of 

 water from six streams in Utah, .showing the average amounts of the various 

 salts added to the soil by an acre-foot of irrigation water as given in the fol- 

 lowing table : 



Avi'ragc amounts of salts added per acre by 1 acre-foot 0/ irrioation water. 



Name of stream. 



Price Kivcr 



Hiuitington Creek 



Coal Creek 



Sevier River 



FeiToii Creek 



Emery Creek 



Num- 

 ber of 

 ana- 

 lyses. 



Total 

 salts. 



Bodium. 



Pounds. 

 2,119.5 

 1,609.5 

 902. 9 

 3. 272. 4 

 1,990.0 

 1,055.0 



Nitrate.!Chlorid. 



Sul- 

 phate. 



Pounds. Pounds.' Pounds. 



Cal- 

 cium. 



Bicar- 

 bonate, 



3.3 

 7.3 

 3.1 

 22.0 

 10.9 

 8.2 



s. 1 

 2.7 

 59.9 

 646.8 

 6.3 

 .0 



Pounds. 

 840.9 

 816.1 

 tiOl.9 

 881.4 



219.6 

 250.3 

 76.1 

 121.4 

 144.1 11,014.5 

 .01 688. 



Magnesium. 



^^^\^^-^^^- 



Pounds. Pounds. 



388.2 

 191.7 

 121.fi 

 116. 1 

 106.0 

 179.0 



12.2 

 25.8 

 16.3 

 74.8 



10.3 



Su!. 

 phate. 



Pounds. 

 548.1 

 463.9 

 286.2 

 817. ft 

 666.3 

 138. T 



The following conclusions are drawn : 



" The mere determination of tiie total salts present in irrigation water is not 

 adequate in judging the quality of the water for irrigation. The determination 

 of total .salts is valuable as a check on the analysis. 



"A large part of the soluble salts of irrigation water consists of the harm- 

 less bicarbonates of (;alcium and magnesium. lu some instances these salts 

 constitute 50 per cent of the total amount present. The soluble salts present in 

 irrigation water vary from time to time due to concentration by evaporation, to 

 drainage from the surface soil during storms, and to seepage from the irrigated 

 lands and canals. 



"The waters of Price River and Ilunlington Creek are highly charged with 

 harmful alkali salts and must be used very judiciously on the heavy clay soils 

 of Castle Valley, which are already heavily charged with sulpliates of sodium 

 and magnesium. The waters of Coal Creek are excellent for irrigation since 

 they contain onlj' minimum quantities of harmful salts. The economical use 

 of .such water will not add excessive quantities of harmful alkali salts to the 

 soil. The waters of the Sevier River are heavily impregnated v.itli tiic harm- 

 ful chlorids and sulphates of sodium and magnesium. The waters of this 

 stream are such that their continued u.se without artificial drainage on the 

 heavy clay soils of Millard County is likely to cause trouble. The waters of 

 all the streams examined are free from sodium carbonate or black allcali, pos- 

 sibly due to the fact that all the streams traverse country rock which is rich 

 in deposits of gypsum." 



Tests of irrig-ation pumping- plants, R. H. Catks. (.Jour. EJectricUy, 37 {19/6)^ 

 No. 21, pp. 394, 395). — The results of over 300 separate tests of irrigation pump- 

 ing plants made in California during 1913 to 1916 are reported, together with 

 the results of tests of typical plants. A summary of the results is given in 

 the table following. 



82992°— 17 7 



