554 EXPERIMENT STATION RECOED. [Vol.36 



by occasional additions of small amounts of fresh manure. Larvse more than 

 one-half normal size have been kept alive for more than 90 days, and still other 

 larvae of various sizes have been observed to live for 115 days. Adults have 

 been observed to emerge in an empty cage 6 ft. from a manure pile, the pupa; 

 having been produced by migrating larvse. The greatest larval migration 

 was at least 8 ft. In a naturally accumulated and infested manure pile larvse 

 and pupae were overwintered. Adults continued to emerge during mild weather 

 in midwinter as long as manure was added. Emergence stopped when addition 

 of manure ceased, but in spring at least 142 adults emerged." 



Transmission of leprosy by the house fly (Musca domestica), E. Maxchoux 

 (Aim. Inst. Pasteur, SO (1916), No. 2, pp. 61-68; abs. in Rev. Appl. Ent., Ser. B, 

 4 (1916), No. 6, pp. 85, 86). — The author concludes that the house fly may con- 

 vey the leprosy bacillus on its recently soiled feet and proboscis, and that the 

 bacillus can live in the digestive tract of this dipteran for at least four days. 



Muscoid flies from the southern United States, C. H. T. Townsend (Insecu- 

 tor Inscitice Menstruus, 4 (1916), No. 4-6, pp. 51-59). 



Some new North American muscoid forms, O. H. T. Townsend (Insecutor In- 

 scitice Menstruus, 4 (1916), No. 7-9, pp. 7S-78). — Six genera are erected and 

 three species described as new, namely, Ypophwi)iyia malacosomcB reared from 

 pupae of the tent caterpillar at Raleigh, N. C. ; EuzenilUopsis diatrcew reared 

 from larvae of the sugar-cane borer in Cuba and from a pupa found in cane at 

 Audubon Park, La. ; and Schizocerophaga leibyi reared from pupae of Schizocerus 

 privatum at Raleigh, N. C. 



On Australian Muscoidea, with description of new forms, C. H. T. Town- 

 bend (Insecutor Inscitia; Menstruus, 4 (1916), No. ^-6, pp. 44i 45)- 



Miscellaneous muscoid notes and descriptions, C. H. T. Townsend (Insecu- 

 tor Inscitice Menstruus, 4 (1916), No. 10-12, pp. 121-128). 



Notes on the hen flea (Echidnophaga g'allinacea), J. F. Illingwobth (Proc. 

 Hawaii. Ent. Soc, S (1916), No. 3, pp. 252-25.) ) .—Substantially noted from 

 another source (E. S. R., 35, p. 58). 



Flat-headed borers affecting forest trees in the United States, H. E. Burke 

 (17. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 437 (1917), pp. 8, pis. 9).— Buprestid larvae, known as 

 flat-headed borers, are among the most important of the borers infesting forest 

 trees in the United States, some mining the leaves, one burrowing into the cones, 

 a number boring into the inner bark and outer wood of the trunk, branches, and 

 roots, while the majority excavate oval-winding " wormholes " throughout the 

 sound or decaying sapwood and heart wood. 



The present paper reports largely upon the distinguishing characters of the 

 larvae of various species, including illustrations of many and a key to the genera 

 of buprestid larvae, together with a list of the genera which records their 

 distribution, common habits, and host trees. 



The pine bark beetle (Ips pini), W. A. Clemens (New York Cornell Sta. Bui. 

 383 (1916), pp. 287-298, pis. 2, figs. 4)-— A- report of studies of the life history 

 and habits of /, pini extending over a period of three years. 



The species is common and widely distributed. Inhabiting the transitional and 

 Canadian faunal zones ranging from the Pacific to the Atlantic and from about 

 37 to 55* north latitude. The damage which it causes is usually not of a serious 

 character in itself, though it has been reported to cause the death of certain 

 pines and spruces. In addition to direct injury it may be a source of loss by 

 opening the way for the entrance of fungi and ambrosia beetles. 



The winter is usually passed in the bark in the adult stage, migration taking 

 place in the early spring. The eggs hatch in the galleries in five days, at a 

 temperature of 69°, and the young larvae then bore out into the cambium. The 



