1917] DAIRY FARMING — DAIRYING. 573 



Bacteriological examination of the Bombay milk supply, L. L. JosHi {Jour. 

 Dairyinfi [Iiidia}, S (1915), A'O. 1, pp. 5-36, fig. 1). — This paper discusses the 

 sources of bacteria in milk, factors influencing the multiplication of bacteria 

 in milk, tubercle bacilli in milk, bacterial standards for milk in India, and 

 methods and results of the bacteriological examination of a number of samples 

 of buffaloes' and cows' milk from various sources in Bombay. 



The average number of bacteria in 240 samples of milk bought at random 

 from dairies, milk shops, cattle stables, railway stations, individual milk 

 vendors, etc., in Bombay from April, 1913, to July, 1914, was 36.385,000 per 

 cubic centimeter. A number of samples of milk collected under strict precau- 

 tions from healthy cows and buffaloes and examined immediately gave an 

 average bacteria count of 292 per cubic centimeter, and the tests for lactose 

 fermenters and pathogenic microbes were negative in all cases. Out of 741 

 samples of Bombay milk examined during four years no tubercle bacilli were 

 found. These results have since been confirmed at the Bombay bacteriological 

 laboratory and the author concludes that tuberculosis is rarely, if at all, con- 

 veyed by milk In India. 



Essentials for the production of cleaji milk, W. J. Dougan (Hoard's Dairy- 

 man, 1916, Dec. 22, pp. 757, 788, figs. 6). — This is a brief discussion of the essen- 

 tials for the production of high-class milk at reasonable prices. 



Cooling' milk on the farm, H. F. Judkins (Conn. Agr. Col. Ext. Sew. Bui. 1 

 (1916), pp. 18, figs. >})• — General directions are given for cooling milk on the 

 farm, including the use of the cooling tank, milk coolers, and mechanical refrig- 

 eration, and the cooling of bottled milk. 



Some aspects of the physiology of milk secretion, R. L. Hill (Jour. Amer. 

 Vet. Med. Assoc., 49 (1916), Ko. J,, pp. 1,83-510).— Tins is a brief survey of the 

 theories and scientific investigations upon this subject, and an account of recent 

 experiments upon the increase of milk secretion due to the injection ot sub- 

 stances present in the pituitary body. A list of the literature reviewed is given. 



Rapid method of counting bacteria in milk, W. D. Frost (Science, n. ser., 

 42 (1915), No. 1077, pp. 255, 256).— This outlines a rapid method of counting 

 bacteria in milk described below. 



A rapid method of counting living bacteria in milk and other richly seeded 

 materials, W. D. Frost (Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 66 (1916), No. 12, pp. 889, 890, 

 figs. 5). — This paper describes in detail the method noted in the preceding ab- 

 stract. In brief the method is as follows : 



One-twentieth cc. of milk is mixed with standard nutrient agar and .spread 

 over a definite area of a sterile glass slide. When the agar is hard, this little 

 plate culture is put in the incubator for about six hours under conditions which 

 prevent evaporation. It is then dried, given a preliminary treatment to pre- 

 vent the agar from firmly binding the stain, stained, decolorized, and cleared. 

 When this dried and stained plate culture is viewed under the microscope, the 

 little colonies are definitely stained and appear highly colored on a colorless or 

 slightly colored background. These colonies can be readily counted and the 

 number of bacteria per cubic centimeter calculated. 



The author states that this method can be used for pasteurized milk, but in 

 case of recently pasteurized and very good milks the time required for in- 

 cubating the plates will probably be from 8 to 12 hours. 



Counting bacteria in milk in less than eight hours, W. D. Fbost (Milk 

 Dealer, 6 (1916), No. 3, pp. 24-32, 34, 36, figs. 11).— The author reviews the 

 various attempts that have been made to devise a method for the bacteriological 

 examination of milk in a shorter time than that required for the plate method, 

 and gives results obtained by the method noted above. Charts are also given of 

 a number of series of comparative tests showing the variation in bacteria 



