578 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD, IVol. 3B 



Simultaneous vaccination against blackleg, F. S. Schoenlebeb {Amer. Jour. 

 Vet. Med., 11 {1916), No. 10, pp. 706, 797). — The use of a blackleg serum (liltered 

 sterile serum of highly immunized animals) on 2,500 head of calves with 

 practically no loss is reported. The serum is said to have not only protected 

 the animals against the disease but checked it when given in the early stages. 

 The immunity, however, lasts only a few days, so that the administration of 

 the serum must be followed by an inoculation of the virus. As much as 300 cc. 

 has been introduced intramuscularly into one animal without any serious 

 effects. 



Serological investigational methods as aids in the diagnosis of trypano- 

 some diseases, with special reference to dourine, R. Offermann (Ai'b. K. 

 OsndUtsamt., 50 (1915), No. 1, pp. 1-30). — The results of the study reported 

 show that sera obtained from healthy rabbits in many cases were antihemolytic. 

 The regularity of the occurrence of this antihemolytic property could not be 

 established. In the use of rabbit serum in complement-fixation tests it is indi- 

 cated that the serum should be tested before inoculation. 



Agglutinins which will agglutinate the trypanosomes of dourine were not found 

 in normal rabbit serum. Complement-binding antibodies and agglutinins, how- 

 ever, were found in the sera of rabbits which had previously been inoculated with 

 the trypanosomes. The antibodies did not always appear simultaneously. In 

 general, complement-binding amboceptors were detected earlier than agglutinins. 

 The time of appearance and quantity of antibodies varied with the individual 

 animals and with the course of the disease. The quantity diminished somewhat 

 in the course of the disease but increased again in time. No regularity of this 

 phenomenon could be established. In no case did they disappear completely from 

 the blood stream. 



Antibodies could be detected in the serum kept under sterile conditions after 

 many months. 



For agglutination it is stated that a fresh suspension of trypanosomes must be 

 used. The antigen used for complement fixation was found to retain its activity 

 for many weeks if kept in a refrigerator. 



Complement fixation and agglutination are considered to be valuable diagnostic 

 aids. Since complement fixation yields more satisfactory results it is to be 

 preferred. 



Foot-and-mouth disease, A. Vbijbueq {Tijdschr. Diergeneesk., JfS (1916), No. 

 22, pp. 847-865). — This discusses the subject under the topics of virus; virus 

 carriers ; spread of the disease through negligence in handling diseased animals 

 and carcasses, through wild animals, insects, wind, waterfowl, etc. ; clinical 

 symptoms ; severe forms of the disease ; differential diagnosis ; susceptibility ; 

 immunity ; sanitary and hygienic measures ; immune serum ; immunization with 

 attenuated virus ; and simultaneous treatment. 



Foot-and-mouth disease, E. M. Mulder (Tijdschr. Diergeneesk., JjfS (1916), 

 No. 22, pp. 838-847). — This is a general discussion of the disease from the stand- 

 point of control and eradication. 



The author considers that the virus of the disease produces a lasting immunity 

 in the animals, as is evidenced by the natural immunity of the offspring. A 

 system of immunization of all male animals which are to be used for breeding 

 purposes is outlined and is considered to be the most rational method for eradi- 

 cating the disease. 



Foot-and-mouth disease in Friesland, H. Van Staa (Tijdschr. Diergeneesk., 

 4S (1916), No. 22, pp. 825-837, figs. 2).— This is a general review and discussion 

 of the outbreaks of the disease from 1891 through 1915. 



The data presented show that the outbreaks of the disease during the months 

 of October, November, December, January, February, and March were twice as 



