iai7] VETERINARY MEDICINE. 579 



great as during the remaining or summer monttis. The virus of the disease is 

 believed to have been introduced, even from the first outbreak, by infected water- 

 fowl, which come into the country from the east in the fall of the year. 



It is indicated that more infectious diseases are carried by birds than is usually 

 considered. 



Old and new methods for the diagnosis of glanders, E. Graub {Schweiz. 

 Arch. Tierheilk., 58 {1916), No. 11, pp. 579-595, figs. 2).— This is a general dis- 

 cussion of the various biological methods used in the diagnosis of glanders. 



The conglutination i-eaction is described and discussed in some detail. 



Diagnosis of tuberculosis by complement fixation, with special reference 

 to bovine tuberculosis, A. Eichhokn and A. Blumberg {U. S. Dept. Agr., Jour. 

 Agr. Research, 8 (1017), No. 1, pp. 1-20, fig. 1). — A brief historical resume is 

 given and the preparation of antigens and data obtained in their standardization 

 submitted. An antigen prepai'ed with bacillary emulsion and tuberculin precipi- 

 tate was found to be the most effective in the serological tests. 



From data obtained with the use of these antigens with 816 bovine, 120 

 porcine, and 22 human sera, it is concluded that the complement-fixation test 

 in cattle is not so reliable as the subcutaneous tuberculin test. Since a large 

 proportion of the positive cases give only a faint reaction, a very careful 

 titration of the antigen and a most accurate observance of all the details of 

 the technique of the test are necessary. The degree of the reaction could not 

 be considered as an index to the extent of infection. It is thought that the 

 test could l)e employed as a supplementary test in cases of doubtful or atypical 

 reactions to the subcutaneous or other allergic tests, but it is not deemed prac- 

 tical for general diagnostic purposes. 



The results of the test are affected by subcutaneous injection of tuberculin 

 into healthy animals. This interference may be noted as early as the fourth 

 day following the injection, and may persist for six weeks, or possibly for a 

 much longer time. 



A list of 43 references of cited literature is appended. 



The diagnosis of tuberculosis with special reference to the intrapalpebral 

 test, N. Mori (Ann. Staz. Sper. Malattie Infet. Besttame, K. 1st. Incoragg. 

 Napoli, 2 (1914), No. 2, pp. 289-317). — Experimental data obtained by the use 

 of the various procedures for the introduction of tuberculin Into suspected 

 animals (bovines) are reported, in detail and discussed. 



It is concluded that the intrapalpebral test is a reliable and easily manipu- 

 lated procedure for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, especially in general practice. 



Transmission of porcine tuberculosis to man and the reinoculation of 

 calves, H. Markus {Rev. Gen. MM. V^t., 25 {1916), No. 298, pp. 466-478, 

 figs. S). — The case of a veterinarian infected with the tubercle bacillus through 

 a small abrasion on the thumb during the examination of a large number of 

 tuberculous hogs is reported. 



The micro-organism was isolated from the wound and after cultivation in- 

 jected into calves. The disease was produced in all cases and the diagnosis 

 substantiated by post-mortem findings. The bacteriological, histological, and 

 autopsical findings are described. 



It is indicated that the case demonstrates that the bacillus of Koch coming 

 from the hog is equally pathogenic for the human organism. 



Bovine tuberculosis, J. G. Wllls and C. Linch (A^. Y. Dept. Agr. Bui. 82 

 {1916), pp. 1875-1956, figs. S^).— This bulletin discusses the subject under the 

 general topics of tuberculosis and its development, dissemination of tuberculosis, 

 tuberculosis in calves, tuberculin, reactions, physical examinations, pasteuriza- 

 tion, and methods of control. A glossary of terms relating to the subject is 

 included. 



