19171 HOETICULTURE. 639 



the eradication of (jnat^ grass, the following methods being recommended, 

 according to local conditions: Hand digging; smothering with tarred paper 

 or mulch ; summer fallowing ; and grazing or cutting for hay, followed by 

 fallowing. 



Observations of the results obtained by several farmers, using modifications 

 of the summer fallow system, indicate that the best results are obtained from 

 cultivation during July and August followed by a cultivated crop. The cost 

 of this operation was estimated at $15 per acre, and the fact Is noted that 

 a number of sheep could be purchased for that amount and grazed on the 

 infested land to good advantage. Continued grazing weakens the root stock 

 and brings it nearer the surface. 



The root system of western wheat grass Is not nearly so strong as that of 

 quack grass, being unable to withstand thorough cultivation. 



[The control of hedge mustard with finely powdered kainit], Schnitzleb 

 {Illus. Landw. Ztg., 36 (1916), No. U, pp. 8S, 84).— This article Is a discussion 

 of the control of weeds by the use of powdered kainit applied In solution. A 

 list of weeds Is given, arranged in the order of their resistance to this treat- 

 ment. 



Two points are considered, the degree of influence of kainit on different 

 weeds and why cereals are not Injured by the use of kainit. Three 

 reasons are advanced to show why different weeds are affected in varying 

 degrees, (1) that plasmolysis varies in different plants due to protective struc- 

 tures, (2) that the hairy grovrth on certain plants serves as a mechanical 

 protection, and (3) that the oily coating found on several plants furnishes a 

 protection. The immunity of cereals is attributed to certain cultural charac- 

 teristics, such as the arrangement of the leaves, upright habit of growth, and 

 the high osmotic pressure developed in the cells of the plant. 



Weeds of New South Wales, J. H. Maiden (Agr. Gaz. N. S. WcU-es, 27 {1916), 

 No. 4, pp. 247-253, pis. 2). — This Is a popular and botanical description of two 

 weeds of New South Wales, the cape weed (Cryptostemma calendulacea) and 

 Hexham scent {Melilotus parviflora), including a brief discussion of cultural 

 characteristics and methods of control. 



HORTICITLTTmE. 



Johnson's gardeners' dictionary and cultural instructor, Q. W. Johnson, 

 edited by J. Fbaseb and A. Hemsley {Ixmdon: Oeorge Routledge d Sons, Ltd. 

 [191T\, new ed., pp. 923). — The present edition of this old English work, al- 

 though based on the original edition of 1846, has been thoroughly recast and 

 brought down to the year 1917, both from the standpoint of plant nomenclature 

 and cultural practices. Many thousand names of new plants have been added. 



The complete gardener, H. H. Thomas (London and New York: Cassell d: 

 Co., Ltd., 1916, Jf. ed., pp. XVI+579, pis. 128, figs. 72).— A manual of informa- 

 tion relative to the more desirable hardy flowers, greenhouse flowers, evergreen 

 and blossoming shrubs, fruits, and vegetables, including directions for their 

 culture under glass and in the open. 



Garden planning and planting, edited by H. H. Thomas (London and New 

 York: Cassell d Co., Ltd. [1915], pp. [VU+ISO, pi. 1, figs. 138).— A popular 

 treatise on the subject. 



Gardening made easy, edited by E. T. C5ook (London: Cotmtry Life, 1916, 

 6. ed., pp. 217, figs. 2It). — A popular treatise on ornamental and vegetable gar- 

 dening in the open and under glass, including also a chapter on fruit culture. 



Kitchen and market gardening, L. Bxjssard (Culture Potag&re et Culture 

 MaraicMre. Paris: J. B. Baillidre & Sons, 1916, 3. ed., rev. and enl., pp. 524, 

 89684°— No. 7—17 4 



