19171 ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 659 



Southwestern States on corn, milo maize, sugar cane, Sudan grass, wheat, 

 barley, and alfalfa. The adult is a source of injury through feeding upon 

 the top of the plant and the larvse upon the roots. 



" The eggs are deposited at or near the surface of the ground and hatch in 

 about six days. The young larvse are found within the tender roots of the 

 food plants, while the older larvse are found in the soil near these roots. The 

 average length of the larval stage is found to be 32 days. The prepupal and 

 pupal stages are both passetl within a cell in the soil near to the roots on 

 which the larvse fed. The tiea-beetles hibernate in the adult stage under rub- 

 bish or at the base of various grasses growing in the regions of infestation. 

 The total length of the life cycle of this flea-beetle is about seven weeks, there 

 being from three to four generations each year. 



" The numbers of adult flea-beetles can be reduced greatly by cleaning up 

 hibernation quarters and eradicating some of their weed food plants, such as 

 Johnson grass, salt grass, and Bermuda grass. They can be further reduced 

 by carefully cultivating such crops as can be cultivated just as soon as the 

 soil becomes dry, following each irrigation. This method destroys a great 

 many pupae. Small pieces of corn can be sprayed successfully with arsenate 

 of lead, using 2 lbs. to 50 gal. of water, the water being made into a strong 

 soap solution. This acts both as a repellent and as a poison to the beetles. 

 Injury to corn and other crops can be overcome partially if the soil is placed 

 in the best possible cultural condition by the addition of barnyard manure 

 or other fertilizer. The nymphs and adults of a predacious hemipteran (Redu- 

 violus ferns) were observed to feed upon these beetles, and a small para- 

 sitic wasp, Neurepyris sp., was found to prey upon the larvse and prepupse." 



Borers infesting the ash, F. J. Seaver {Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard., 17 (1916), No. 

 199, pp. 95-91, pis. 2). — A brief account of the life history of and injury caused 

 by the ash borer (Podosesia sijringce), which is a close rival of the leopard 

 moth in its destruction of the ash. 



A new species of Pityogenes, J. M. Swaine {Syracuse Univ. [P?<&a.], 16 

 {1915), No. 1, pp. 8-10). — The .species here described as new, Pityogenes hop- 

 kinsi, is the most abundant bark beetle in the limbs of pine throughout the 

 eastern part of Canada and the United States. A second species is described 

 as P. lecontei n. sp. 



Observations on the life history and habits of Pityogenes hopkinsi, M. W. 

 Blackman {Syracuse Univ. [Pubs.], 16 {1915), No. 1, pp. 11-66, pis. 6). — The 

 author here reports studies of the life history and bionomics of the species 

 above described as new to science. 



Thirty-sixth annual report of the Beekeepers' Association of the Province 

 of Ontario, 1915 (Ann. Rpt. Beekeepers' Assoc. Ontario, 1915, pp. 92, figs. 8). — 

 This report of the proceedings of the association includes papers on Tempera- 

 ture and Humidity in the Hive in Winter, by E. F. Phillips (pp. 10-27) ; Honey 

 Production from the Golden-rods and Asters, by F. W. L. Sladen (pp. 27-30) ; 

 Outdoor Wintering, by H. G. Sibbald (pp. 30-38) ; Notes from the Year's Work, 

 1915, by M. Pettit (pp. 38-46) ; etc. 



Sacbrood, G. F. White {U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 431 {1917), pp. 54, pis. 4, figs. 

 33). — This is a detailed report of investigations of an infectious disease of the 

 brood of bees which is caused by a filterable virus, as described in the pre- 

 liminary report previously noted (E. S. R., 29, p. 57). 



The author has found that a colony can be inoculated by feeding it sirup 

 or honey containing the virus, that the quantity of virus contained in a single 

 larva recently dead of the disease is sufficient to produce quite a large amount 

 of sacbrood in a colony, and that the incubation period is approximately sis 

 days, though frequently slightly less. While the disease is more often en- 



