1917] DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 673 



The carrying of a fetus seemed to have some bearing on the content of lime 

 and phosphorus in the urine, this being especially noticeable in the aged cows. 

 Immediately after calving the urine of the cow in lot 1 greatly increased in lime 

 and phosphorus content. Later the lime and phosphorus contents became lower. 

 With the cow in lot 2 there was a great increase in phosphorus content imme- 

 diately after calving, but the lime content remained low. Beginning a month 

 after this cow was bred again there was a marlved decline in phosphorus and 

 lime. The contents of lime and phosphorus were greatly increased after the 

 second calving. 



The content of both lime and phosphorus in the urine of the cow in lot 3 was 

 comparatively low during pregnancy, and there was a noticeable Increase in 

 the lime content after calving. The phosphorus content of the urine of the 

 heifer in lot 1 increased after the birth of her first calf, and the lime content 

 after the second calf. With the heifer in lot 2 the lime content increased after 

 calving. The phosphorus content liad been high and continued so. 



Report for 1915 of the united dairy experiment farm at Hoom (Verslag 

 Ver. Exploit. Proefsuivelboerderij Hoom, 1915, pp. 103, pis. 2. figs. 7). — This con- 

 tains a financial report of the institution, together with results of an experi- 

 mental test of two milking machines, and studies to determine whether the fat 

 in cheese exercises an influence on the ripening, the proteoclastic power of lactic 

 acid cocci, the production of cleavage products of lactose by lactic acid bacteria 

 (Streptococcus lacticus) in milk and whey, the normal gas formation in cheese, 

 the Duclaux method for determining fatty acids, and the " cracking " of Edam 

 cheese. 



Milk yield tests in cows, J. Kappeli {Milchw. Zentbl., 45 {1916), No. 2, pp. 

 17-24). — Tabular experimental data of the milk yielded by cows at the Berne- 

 Liebefeld experiment station during the years 1899-1914, together with data 

 relative to the feed received, are submitted and discussed. It is concluded in 

 general that for determining the total milk yield for any period of lactation 

 weighing the milk once every two weeks is satisfactory and yields average results 

 which are accurate enough for all practical purposes. 



Certifi.cate-of-record dairy cows. — A world's record, W. M. Singleton 

 {Jour. Agr. [New Zeal.], 13 {1916), No. 4, pp. 293, 294, fiff- 1).—The .Jersey 

 heifer, Mere, commenced milking at the age of 1 year and 346 days, and pro- 

 duced in 1 year 12,164 lbs. of milk containing 663.64 lbs. of fat. This is said to 

 be a world's record for the production of milk fat for animals of this age. 



Regulations adopted by the Argentine Rural Society for registering milk 

 records of dairy cows {An. Soc. Rural Argentina, 51 {1916), No. 1, pp. 74-76; 

 abs. in Internal. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Internat. Rev. Sci. and Pract. Agr., 7 

 {1916), No. 6, pp. 856-858) .—This gives the text of the resolutions adopted by 

 the Argentine Rural Society for the registering of milk records of dairy cows 

 which are recognized as suitable for forming milking strains. 



An experiment with milk veins, R. R. Graves {Hoard's Dairyman, 52 {1916), 

 No. 20, pp. 687, 717, figs. 6). — In the experiment here briefly reported the milk 

 veins of two cows were ligated in order to determine whether the posterior mam- 

 mary veins would carry all the blood from the udder. 



With one of the cows, which had been in lactation about 18 months, there 

 was no shrinkage in milk flow following the tying of one vein, and only slight 

 shrinkage following the tying of the other vein a week later. In the case of the 

 other cow, whicli had been in milk a little over two months and had a daily milk 

 production of about 44 lbs., the milk flow was only slightly lowered, due to the 

 tying of the milk veins. 



Postmortem examinations of these cows showed that the posterior mammary 

 veins were about as large as the anterior veins. The author suggests that 



