678 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.86 



bits characteristic anaphylactic symptoms have never been induced by separate 

 simultaneous injections. " The injection of previously prepared mixtures of 

 antigen and antibody frequently produces violent anaphylactiform symptoms 

 in guinea pigs and in rabbits. This is due to certain cliemical alterations 

 (' anaphylatoxius ') which may also be produced by incubating normal serum 

 in vitro with a great variety of substances, such as agar, starch, heterologous 

 serum, etc. The injection of these latter substances intravenously has never 

 been shown to produce anaphylactic symptoms. It appears, therefore, that 

 serum in the test tube reacts quite differently from plasma of the circulating 

 blood. 



" The interaction of antigen and of antibody in the circulating blood does 

 not give rise to toxic substances (anaphylatoxius) and does not produce an- 

 aphylactic symptoms. Anaphylaxis, by which is meant the reaction of the 

 previously treated animal to a fresh injection of antigen, is always and in- 

 variably mediated by cellular antibody, and by that alone." 



Streptothrix in broncho-pneumonia of rats similar to that in rat bite fever, 

 Ruth Tunnicliff {Jour. Infect. Diseases, 19 (1916), No. 6, pp. 767-772, pis. 3).— 

 " A streptothrix similar to Streptothrix muris-ratti, isolated from the blood of 

 patients with rat bite fever, has been observed in smears and isolated in pure 

 culture from the lungs of rats with broncho-pneumonia. An increase in op- 

 sonins and agglutinins for this organism has been found in infected rats. Acute 

 lesions have been produced in the lungs of rats inoculated intraperitoneally 

 with cultures of this organism." > 



The influence of the climatic and tellurical factors on the distribution and M 

 spread of certain animal diseases, with special reference to the conditions 

 occurring in South Africa, D. Kehoe (So. African Jour. Sci., 12 {1916), No. 

 11, pp. 47^-501). — This discussion relates particularly to tick and insect borne 

 diseases and those caused by helminths. 



Tick bite in stock and its treatment, S. T. D. Symons {Agr. Oaz. N. S. A 

 Wales, 27 {1916), No. 11, p. 767).— In the coastal areas of Australia the scrub 1 

 tick (Ixodes holocyclus) is troublesome to young stock and in many cases fatal 

 to foals, calves, pigs, dogs, and cats, particularly in the autumn and early 

 spring. Although not producing death in the case of adult horses and cattle, 

 its bite causes considerable irritation and pain. When attached the ticks may 

 be destroyed by dropping turpentine or kerosene upon them. A laxative should 

 be administered to the affected animals at once and followed by a stimulant. | 



Anthrax, J. A. Lanahan (N. T. State Indus. Cam. Spec. Bui. 79 (1916), pp. \ 

 22, pis. S, fig. 1). — This reports upon the occurrence of anthrax in New York 

 State, the causes of the outbreaks, and methods of control and eradication. 



The treatment of glanders with salvarsan, especially suspicious horses, 

 and its influence on the production of antibodies, H. Miessnbib and W. Lange 

 (Deut. Tierdrztl. Wchmclir., 24 (1916), No. 14, pp. 127-lSO; abs. in Intenmt. 

 Inst. Agr. [Rome], Intemat. Rev. Sci. and Pract. Agr., 7 (1916), No. 6, p. 849). — 

 The results of the treatment of eight animals in a test of the value of salvarsan 

 and neosalvarsan are reported in detail. Animals which manifested no ap- 

 parent symptoms of glanders, but whose blood indicated its presence, were used. 

 Blood examinations were made before and after the injection in order to ob- 

 serve the effect of the drug on the formation of antibodies. 



In general the authors conclude that it is impossible to cure glanders with 

 either salvarsan or neosalvarsan. 



No very conclusive results were obtained by the blood examinations or by the 

 serological tests. In using the agglutination test, however, a reduction of anti- 

 bodies In the sick animals was observed shortly after the injection, with a con- 



