1917] VETERINARY MEDICINE. 679 



siderable increase a short time afterwards. The use of salvarsan or neosalvar- 

 san might thus be of value in detecting the presence of the disease in horses. 



The preparation of an antiglanders serum, P. Ceimi {Ann. Staz. Sper. 

 Malattie Infet. Bestiamc, R. 1st. Incoragg. Napoli, 2 (1914), No. 2, pp. 237- 

 255). — Tlie experiments reported demonstrate that an excellent serum against 

 glanders can be produced by inoculation of the hog, sheep, horse, or cow. 



The serum produced was obtained by the subcutaneous injection of a virulent 

 broth culture of Bacillus mallei. The injections were started with an initial 

 dose of 10 cc., and for each succeeding injection double the amount previously 

 used was injected until 6 liters of culture were used. The injections were made 

 at periods ranging from 7 to 15 days apart. 



The injection of the antiserum obtained into a pigeon which had previously 

 been inoculated with a virulent culture of B. mallei showed it to possess marked 

 prophylactic and curative properties. Used in doses of 0.25 cc. the serum pro- 

 duced the recovery of a pigeon 48 hours after the first injection of 0.1 cc. of a 

 virulent culture, while the control bird was killed in 60 hours. The serum pro- 

 longed the time of death of a pigeon which had received a 0.1 cc. dose of viru- 

 lent culture the previous day. 



The serum used solely as a prophylactic in doses of 0.1 cc. conferred an im- 

 munity on pigeons which lasted several months. 



The serum taken from an animal four months after the last injection of the 

 virulent culture was, as might be expected, almost completely deprived of its 

 immunizing properties. 



Various methods for determining the trypanocidal activity of substances 

 in vitro and their relation to the chemotherapy of experimental trypanoso- 

 miasis, J. A. KoLMEB, J. F. ScHAMBEKG, and G. D. Raiziss (Jour. Infect. Dis- 

 eases, 20 (1911), No. 1, pp. 10-21). — "Trypanocidal tests in vitro have been 

 found of distinct value in chemotherapeutic researches in experimental try- 

 panosomiasis. Substances exerting a profound trypanocidal activity in vitro 

 are likely to prove trypanocidal in vivo, provided the drug is sufficiently non- 

 toxic to be administered in adequate dosage. With the combined in-vitro-vivo 

 method ... it has been found possible to detect the trypanocidal activity of 

 new compounds which were without effect in vivo in amounts but slightly less 

 than the sublethal dose." 



Salvarsan has been shown to possess a high trypanocidal activity in vitro. 

 A trypanocidal activity by mercurials which is not apparent in vivo tests has 

 been demonstrated by in vitro methods. In the combined in-vitro-vivo method 

 described, equal parts of varying dilutions of the material are mixed with blood 

 trypanosome emulsion and kept at 37 to 40° C, when the whole or a part is 

 injected intraperitoneally into white rats to determine the degree of trypano- 

 cidal activity. As a part of the drug is injected its action is both in vitro and 

 in vivo. Care must be exercised, however, against the administration of lethal 

 doses of the drug. 



The numeric relationship of infection to the chemotherapy of experimental 

 trypanosomiasis, J. A. Kolmee, J. F. Schambeeg, and G. D. Raiziss (Jour. 

 Inject. Diseases, 20 (1917), No. 1, pp. 35-44). — Experiments reported demon- 

 strate that in the chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis an important relation 

 exists between the number of trypanosoraes injected into the test animal and 

 the trypanocidal activity on the part of the drug. This relationship is par- 

 ticularly evident with respect to the amount of drug necessary to effect com- 

 plete sterilization. 



The importance of this relationship to the results of chemotherapeutic experi- 

 ments, particularlj in comparative tests, is indicated. 



