1917] METEOROLOGY. 717 



The wine made by the new method, if not filtered and carefully handled, was 

 spoiled by the growth of " tourne " bacteria. When properly handled and kept 

 in well-filled containers it kept well and developed an agreeable "sherry" flavor. 



The preparation and conservation of fruit juices in the United States, A. 

 Tkuelle (Vie Agr. et Rnrale, 6 {1910), No. 24, pp. ^27 -432) .—This article dis- 

 cusses general and special methods for the preparation and conservation of 

 fruit juices, as devised and recommended by the U. S. Department of Agricul- 

 ture (E. S. R., 33, p. 316). 



The canning of fruits and vegetables, J. P. Zavaxla {New York: John 

 Wiley d Sons, 1916, pp. XII+214, pi. 1, figs. 68).— This volume discusses the 

 processes, and data relative thereto, of factory fruit and vegetable canning, 

 especially as practiced in California, micro-organisms and spoilage; and the 

 making of sanitary cans. An appendix confining the Pure Foods Act of Cali- 

 fornia, standards of purity, and the Food Sanitation Act, together with a rather 

 complete table of weights and measures, is Included. 



The fruit-pulp industry, H. Blin {Vie Agr. et Rurale, 6 {1916), No. 35, 

 pp. 149-154, figs. 6). — This article discusses in detail the conservation of fruit 

 by stoning and pulping. The economic importance of conservation by this 

 method is indicated. 



Honey vinegar, C. E. Bartholomew {Iowa Yearbook Agr., 16 {1915), pp. 558- 

 563, .figs. S). — This article discusses the preparation of vinegar from surplus 

 honey, especially the strong honeys which bring a low price on the market. A 

 simple apparatus, easily assembled, for use in converting the alcohol into vine- 

 gar, and its manipulation, are described. 



Meat preservation on the farm, J. C. Marshall {Jour. Dept. Agr. Victoria, 

 14 {1916), No. 10, pp. 596-601).— This article briefly describes methods for the 

 preservation of meat by salting or pickling, sterilization by heat, and preserva- 

 tion by drying. 



METEOROLOGY. 



Daytime and nighttime precipitation and their economic significance, J. B. 

 KiNCEB ([/. S. Mo. Weather Rev., 44 {1916), No. 11, pp. 628-633, figs. 10).— 

 Charts and diagrams showing in a general way the variations in diurnal distri- 

 bution of rainfall for dift'erent sections of the country during the period from 

 April to September, inclusive, are given and discussed. These show wide varia- 

 tions in the distribution of rainfall between day and night in dilferent parts of 

 the United States. The outstanding facts are the concentration of daytime 

 rainfall in the Southeastern States and of night rainfall in the central plains 

 States. It is shown that for portions of the Southeastern States only about 25 

 per cent of the total rain falls at night, while in the central plains district 

 from 60 to 65 per cent or more occurs at night. There is a progressive decrease 

 of the daytime rainfall in the Southeastern States toward the northward and 

 westward. There is likewise a regular and progressive decrease in all direc- 

 tions of the night rainfall of the central plains States. 



" The dominance of daytime rains in the Southeast and along the immediate 

 Gulf coast is undoubtedly due to atmospheric convection during the warmer 

 portions of the day, a characteristic of tropical and semitropical rainfall con- 

 ditions, but just why there should be so well defined an area and so pronounced 

 a type of night rainfall in the central plains region, with a progressive diminu- 

 tion in all directions, is not readily apparent." These are shown to be facts 

 of great economic importance from the standpoint of farming. " In the South- 

 eastern States, where the summer rainfall is usually abundant, the question 

 of diurnal distribution so far as its bearing on the development of vegetation 

 is concerned is not of so great importance." On the other hand, in the central 



