738 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.36 



to the close of the sugar j'ear 1912-18, with a comparison of the preceding 

 decade. 



The total world production of both beet and cane sugar increased from about 

 11,000,000 tons in 1893-94 to . 20,000,000 tons in 1912-13. The average annual 

 world output for the decade 1904-1913 was 16,419,000 tons, as compared with 

 11,498,000 tons foT the preceding decade. The production of beet sugar for 

 these two periods shows an increase of 34 per cent, while cane-sugar production 

 increased 40 per cent. This latter increase was largely due to improved indus- 

 trial conditions in Cuba, where alone an Increase of 152 per cent was realized. 

 An increase of 85 per cent was realized in Java. 



It is estimated that over 12,000,000 acres are harvested annually to produce 

 the world's sugar supply, this acreage being about equally divided between beets 

 and cane. The yield of sugar beets per acre has varied from 1,800 to 3,900 lbs., 

 while cane sugar has varied from 2,000 to 9,000 lbs. Hawaii and Java exceeded 

 all other countries in the production of sugar per acre, amounting to 4.5 to 5 

 tons for some years in Hawaii. These countries also led in the production of 

 cane, averaging about 40 tons per acre. The United States had the highest 

 production of beet sugar per factory employee, so far as data are available, the 

 output amounting to 59.8 tons annunlly as compared with 22.97 tons for Hun- 

 gary, 20.61 for France, 13.95 for Austria, 11.42 for Russia, and 19.09 for cane 

 sugar for Hawaii. 



During 1904-1913 78.9 per cent of the world's output of sugar was produced 

 in 11 countries, as follows: British India, 14.5; Germany, 13.6; Cuba, 10.3; 

 Austria-Hungary, Java, and Russia, 8 each; United States and France, 4.7 each; 

 Hawaii, 3 ; and Belgium and the Netherlands, 1.5 each. 



Cuba exceeded all other countries in the exports of sugar for the last decade, 

 while the United States exceeded all other countries in imports. The United 

 States also led all other countries in the consumption of sugar, with an increase 

 of 42.9 per cent over the preceding decade. During the decade 1904-1913 Aus- 

 tralia exceeded all other countries in per capita consumption of sugar, amount- 

 ing to 112.96 lbs. 



Statistics for each country are discussed in detail. 



Manuring of swedes with different phosphatic manures; purchase of basic 

 slag (Univ. Col. N. Wales, Bangor, Dept. Agr. [Puh.'\, 6 (1914), pp. 7).— These 

 experiments were begun in 1913 at eight centers in North Wales to determine 

 whether basic slag should be purchased on the basis of total phosphorus or 

 on the amount of phosphorus soluble in a 2 per cent citric acid solution and 

 the comparative value of basic slag, acid phosphate, and mineral phosphate as 

 a fertilizer for swedes on North Wales soils. The experiments are to be con- 

 tinued further, but the results obtained thus far indicate that basic slag will 

 give as good results as acid phosphate if used in such quantities that the crop 

 receives an equivalent amoiint of phosphorus soluble in 2 per cent citric acid, 

 and that mineral phosphates, if finely ground, are to be recommended for 

 swedes. 



Manuring of swedes with different phosphatic manures ( Univ. Col. N. 

 Wales, Bangor; Dept. Agr. [Pub.], 6 {1915), pp. 4)- — A continuation of the ex- 

 periments noted above indicates that a liberal application of phosphatic fer- 

 tilizers is essential for the production of swedes, and that basic slag and acid 

 phosphate have produced the highest yields. 



The suppression of characters on crossing, R. H. Biffen {Jour. Qenetics, 

 5 {1916). No. 4, pp. 225-228) .—Thifi article deals with the study of the asso- 

 ciation of the mouse-gray color occurring in the glumes of the Rivet wheat 

 (Triticum turgidum) and the presence of a quantity of hairs on the glumes. 

 It is offered as a contribution to the information by Bateson and Pellew (E. 



