1917] FOODS HUMAN NUTEITION". 759 



including those which became effective on March 1, 1917, thus superseding 

 Circulars 8 and 11 (E. S. R., 34, pp. 454, 657) and Circular 14 noted above. 



The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, E. T. Ckesson {Mem. Anier. Ent. Soc. 

 No. 1 {1916), pp. i^i).— This paper contains a complete list of the species of 

 Hymenoptera described by the author, arranged alphabetically under each 

 family, with reference to the original description, sex, number of the type 

 specimen, locality and condition of the specimen, etc. Types of 2,737 species 

 are given in the list. A list of the entomological writings of the author ar- 

 ranged in chronological order is appended. 



Tetrastichus bruchophagi, a recently described parasite of Bruchophagus 

 funebris, T. D. Ukbahns {U. S. Dept. Agr., Jour. Ayr. Research, 8 {1917), No. 

 7, pp. 277-282, pi. 1). — This is a report of studies made in California of T. 

 bruchophagi, described by Gahan (E. S. R., 31, p. 355), which is the most im- 

 portant of several new parasites which attack B. funebris in alfalfa seed (E. S. 

 R., 32, p. 454) throughout the alfalfa seed-growing districts of central California. 

 T. bruchophagi is a parasite of considerable importance in these districts, 

 having destroyed in 1913 about 52 per cent of the chalcis fly larv?e infesting 

 alfalfa seed. This parasite is known to occur in other States as far east as 

 Virginia. 



While normally an external parasite it has in several instances been found 

 completely inclosed within the host larva. It has not been observed to para- 

 sitize the pupal stage. This parasite hibernates in the larval stage within 

 infested seeds of alfalfa in which it has attacked its ho.st. It appears to be the 

 first parasite of this host to appear in the fields in early spi'ing, and is one of 

 the first to transform to the pupal stage and emerge as adult with the approach 

 of warm spring weather. 



The eggs are deposited on the surface of the host larva, the ovipositor being 

 forced into the seed pod and infested seed. Under the most favorable condi- 

 tions the development of the larva does not require more than 10 days, the 

 prepupal stage about 48 hours, and the pupal stage an average of 17.7 days. 

 Where conditions are favorable there are from two to four generations in a 

 single season, although under the less favorable hot and dry desert conditions 

 the species frequently has only a single generation in a season. 



Note on Bhogas kitcheneri, L. H. Gough {Trans. 3. Internat. Cong. Trop. 

 Agr. 1914, vol. 1, pp. 433, 434, pis. 2).— A report of further observations of this 

 parasite of Earias insulana and Ephestia cautella (E. S. R., 32, p. 156). 



Structure of the eg'g and early stag'es of development in some hynienop- 

 terous parasites, P. Silvestri {Bol. Lab. Zool. Oen. e Agr. R. Scuola Sup. Agr. 

 Portia, 10 {1915), pp. 66-88, pis. 6, figs. 3; abs. in Jour. Roy. Micros. Soc, No. 

 S {1916), pp. 290, 291). — The author reports studies made of five species of 

 Chalcidida?, namely, Encyrtus mayri which parasitizes the eggs of the lepldop- 

 teran Oecophyllembius neglect us; Encarsia partenopea and Prospaltella {Dolo- 

 resia) coniugata which parasitize species of Aleyrodes ; P. berlesei which para- 

 sitizes the female of the West Indian peach scale ; and Anaphoidea luna which 



parasitizes the eggs of Phytononnis variabilis. 



» 



FOODS— HUMAN NUTRITION. 



Changes in fresh beef during cold storage above freezing, R. Hoagland, 

 C. N. McBkyde, and W. C. PowiCK {U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 433 {1917), pp. 100, 

 figs. 2). — The investigation here reported was undertaken to study the changes 

 in fresh beef when stored at temperatures above freezing, with special reference 

 to the effect of such changes upon the wholesomeness of the product ; to deter- 

 mine the causes of the changes taking place under the above conditions ; and to 



