1917] VETERINARY MEDICINE. 781 



and the liver of the fetus, thus " demonstrating to our satisfaction that the 

 organism had passed through the intestinal walls to the blood stream of the 

 mare and fetus, and would have produced abortion had the mare lived." 



A bacterin prepared by suspending the organism which had been grown on 

 plain agar in physiological salt solution and heated to 60° C. for two hours 

 protected rabbits against 10 times the lethal dose of the organism. The sub- 

 cutaneous injection of rather large doses of the bacterin in pregnant mares 

 produced no bad effects other than an occasional abscess at the site of inocula- 

 tion. The animals so treated delivered live healthy colts. The injection of 

 increasing doses of bacterin followed later by the subcutaneous injection of 

 increasing doses of the live organism caused a pregnant mare to deliver a live, 

 tilthough weak, colt which soon developed into a strong animal. The drastic 

 treatment had a depressing effect on the mare, but she later recovered and 

 four mouths afterwards was in excellent condition. 



The results obtained with the hyperimmune serum have been previously 

 /loted (B. S. R., 35, p. 80). 



It is indicated that, " in the light of our present investigations, a bacterin 

 made of the B. abortivo-equimis injectetl subcutaneously will, if given to a 

 pregnant mare in proper and increasing doses, do no harm and will, in all 

 probability, immunize her against the disease of infectious abortion if the 

 bacterin be administered before the disease is contracted in a natural manner. 

 In the production of this bacterin we grow the B. abortivo-equinus on agar 

 slants. The culture is then washed three times with normal salt solution in a 

 centrifuge." 



See also previous notes (E. S. R., 29, p. 779; 35, p. 885). 



The avenue and development of tissue-infection in intestinal tricho- 

 moniasis, P. B. Hadley {Rhode Island Sta. Bui. 168 (1916), pp. 3-64, pls. 11, 

 figs. 2). — In continuation of the studies previously noted (E. S. R., 30, p. 483), 

 the author reports upon the manner in which the flagellates responsible for in- 

 testinal trichomoniasis penetrate the cecal epithelium and enter the sub- 

 epithelial tissues, there to produce characteristic lesions, and describes the 

 course of the infective process. 



"As a result of a more or less fluid condition of the cecal content the flagel- 

 lates multiply in vast numbers by autogamous reproduction and finally mi- 

 grate into the crypts of Lieberkilhn, where they tend to gather at the terminal 

 branches and produce a marked bulging of the fundi. 



" Either through pressure or natural invasive power, or both, the free motile 

 flagellates (trophozoites) penetrate the goblet cells, froce out the nucleus, or 

 push it to one side, break through the base of the cell, subsequently through 

 the basement membrane, and enter the connective tissue of the mucosa. A 

 large number of flagellates may penetrate the same rift in the epithelial wall 

 and subsequently become disseminated. 



" With the further passage of flagellates through the epithelial wall they tend 

 at first so to congregate as to separate the epithelial wall of the fundus from 

 the basement membrane and from the core of the villus. The first mechanical 

 effect upon the epithelial cells of the fundus is the production of a ragged, 

 fringed appearance at the basement end. 



" Either as a result of the mechanical damage brought about by the earliest 

 of the invading flagellates or due to the effect of toxic metabolic products, the 

 epithelial cells at the fundus of the crypts become further disorganized, permit 

 other flagellates to pass, probably through intercellular rifts, and finally de- 

 generate, leaving at the site of the fundus only free nuclei^ Uular debris, and 

 flagellates. Sometimes the epithelium of the fundus if pushed downward 

 through the crypt-space without becoming fully disorgani7ad. 



