782 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.36 



" Through the subsequent migration of round cells and endothelial or other 

 phagocytic cells into this region, the area (the crypt-space) becomes consoli- 

 dated. At the same time many of the flagellates are surrounded by endothelial 

 cells, while others proceed to invade further the core of the villus and the 

 muscularis mucosije. The terminal portions of the epithelium usually remain 

 intact at this stage. 



"At this point the motile forms of the flagellates for the most part disappear, 

 and further multiplication in the tissues is continued by autogamous reproduc- 

 tion. At the beginning of this stage of development most of the parasites lose 

 both the membrane and flagella, together v\'ith other organelles which charac- 

 terize the trophozoite, and appear as tbe round or oval bodies, staining pink 

 with eosin, which are regarded by Smith as amebas (Amoeba meleagridis) . 



" With the continued invasion of other crypts, followed by similar consolida- 

 tions, the deep-lying cecal epithelium becomes to a large exeut destroyed, the 

 entire mass of cecal tissue becomes parasitized, fusions with adjacent struc- 

 tures may occur, and secondary bacterial infections intervene. A secondary 

 flagellate invasion of the ceca may occur through the outer serous covering as 

 a result of contact-infection from the liver. 



" With the further progress of the infection the parasites disseminate through 

 the reticular tissues of the core of the villi and produce a sort of ' reverse in- 

 fection,' attacking from the rear the epithelium overlying the terminal portions 

 of the villi. With the gathering of parasites between the wall and the basement 

 membrane the epithelium is first straightened and finally forced off. This is 

 the culmination in the process leading to a more or less complete destruction of 

 the cecal epithelium and a liberation of some of the parasites into the cecal 

 canal. 



" In explanation of the circumstances leading to the active invasion of the 

 crypts, the data at present in hand make it appear probable that an earlier 

 diarrheal condition present in the lower intestine and ceca is mainly respon- 

 sible for the great multiplication of the flagellates (autogamy) in the cecal 

 canal and for the subsequent invasion of the crypts. It seems much less pi'ob- 

 able that the flagellates in themselves can be regarded as the cause of the initial 

 diarrheal state. . . . 



" True amebas, chiefly A. intestinalis, are frequently present in the ceca, 

 sometimes in numbers, but only in exceptional cases can it be concluded that 

 they are of pathogenic significance in the production of cecal lesions. Aside 

 from those cases in which it is identical with the schizont stage of Eimeria 

 avium, A. meleagridis must be regarded as the late trophozoite (rounded) 

 stage of the intestinal flagellate, Trichomonas." 



Meningo-encephalomyelitis of fowls (? spirillosis), G. Urbain (Bill. Soc. 

 Path. Exot., 9 (1916), Ao. 8, pp. 561-563; abs. in Trap. Tei. BuL, ^ (1916), No. 

 4, p. 185). — This article relates to a disease which affects a few adult fowls 

 in most poultry runs in the State of Parana, Brazil, where it is known locally 

 as " ar." 



Fowl plag'ue in ducks, L. Cominotti (Clin. Vet. [Alilan], Rass. Pol. Sanit. 

 e Ig., 39 (1916), No. 5. pp. 129-135, figs. 2; abs. in Trap. Yet. Bui., 4 (1916), 

 No. 4, p. 176). — This reports upon a study of an outbreak of fowl pest or 

 plague among ducks on the lake of the Public Gardens of Milan in which 50 

 per cent of the birds became affected. The paper includes a review of the 

 literature. The studies led to the following conclusions: 



" Fowl plague may attack wild ducks placed in the same conditions as 

 domesticated birds. The clinical form in which the disease manifests itself 

 in these animals is the nervous form. The morl>id anatomy of the disease 

 shows nothing characteristic. The virus can not be found in the blood or in 



