1917] METEOEOLOGY. 809 



content of the juice may be increased from about 13 oz. to over 20 oz. per 

 gallon. If this concentrated juice be again treated a juice containing 30 oz. 

 per gallon can be obtained. The low testing juices can be converted into 

 calcium citrate, thus eliminating all losses. The economic importance of the 

 process with respect to package and transportation charges is indicated. 



The utilization of olive pomace, W. V, Cruess and A. W. Christie (Jour. 

 Indus, and Engin. Chem., 9 {1911), No. 1, pp. 45-47). — The authors at the Cali- 

 fornia Experiment Station have found from 7.89 to 20.23 per cent of oil In 

 fresh pomace (equivalent to from 20.98 to 53.81 gal. per ton). The most satis- 

 factory solvent for the recovery of the oil from the air-dried pomace was 

 found to be gasoline, and four extractions were sufficient. The air-dried pomace 

 of lowest oil content was found to yield 25.5 gal. of oil per ton by gasoline 

 extraction. The composition of the oils extracted with g.asollne, benzol, and 

 ligroin compared favorably with that of pure olive oil in regard to their value 

 for soap making. Distillation by direct heat was found to be the most satis- 

 factory procedure in the recovery of the solvent. It is indicated that " no com- 

 mercial value as fertilizer should be assigned to olive pomace, either before or 

 after extraction." 



The utilization of Imperata cylindrica P. B. in the paper industry, F. 

 ViGNOLo-LuTATi (Ann. R. Accad. Agr. Torino. 58 (1915), pp. 69-76). — Results of 

 the study reported show that the grass /. cylindrica yields a very satisfactory 

 cellulose fiber, about 38 per cent of the raw material being converted into 

 bleached fiber. In the use of the stock a smaller quantity is necessary for 

 the pr®duction of the finished product than with some other grasses. 



The removal of barium from brines used in the manufacture of salt, W. W. 

 Skinner and W. P. Baughman (Jour. Indus, and Engin. Chem., 9 (1917), No. 

 1, pp. 18-26, fig. 1). 



The theory of drying and its application to the new humidity-regulated, 

 and recirculating dry kiln, H. D. Tiemann (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 509 (1917), 

 pp. 28, figs. S). — This discusses the subject with special reference to the drying 

 of lumber, under the topics of elementary principles of drying, elementary 

 principles of hygrometry, types of kilns, drying by superheated steam, im- 

 portance of proper piling of lumber, theory and description of the U. S. Forest 

 Service kiln, theoretical discussion of evaporation, theoretical analysis of heat 

 quantities, and increase in density produced by evaporation. 



METEOROLOGY. 



A preliminary study of climatic conditions in Maryland, as related to 

 plant growth, F. T. McLean (Physiol. Researches, 2 (1917), No. 4, pp. 129-208, 

 figs. IJf). — This is a detailed account of studies briefly and partly reported 

 upon elsewhere (E. S. R., 33, p. 116). Observations on the growth of soy bean 

 seedlings on the same soil uniformly supplied with moisture at Easton, on the 

 Eastern Shore of Maryland, and at Oakland, in the mountains of western Mary- 

 land, are reported and discussed. 



Plantings were made in plunged pots every two weeks during the growing 

 season and the plants were allowed to grow for a month. The soil was kept 

 uniformly moist by means of autoirrigators. Evaporation was measured by 

 means of standardized- cylindrical porous-cup atmoineters. Daily, maximum, 

 and minimum temperatures were observed in the usual manner and account 

 was also taken of sunshine records, rainfall, and soil moisture. After two 

 weeks' growth measurements were made of " stem height, average number of 

 leaves per plant, average length and width of mature leaves, and average of 

 the products obtained by multiplying length by width for each leaf. After 



