1917] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 853 



found to exhibit the usual congestion of the internal organs and to contain the 

 coccobacillus. The author considers the experiments to confirm his previous 

 suspicion that the fleas serve as the natural method of transmission. He rec- 

 ommends that voles infected by inoculation be distributed in the areas invaded 

 by voles, where the epizootic has not yet appeared, so that the disease will be 

 propagated by fleas and continually extend until the areas are freed from the 

 rodents. 



Destruction of oysters by crabs, J. Nelson {New Jersey Stas. Rpt. 1915, 

 pp. 249-251). — Observations have led to the conclusion that crabs are a source 

 of destruction of oysters, though it is possible that some other enemy destroys 

 the oyster and that the crab cleans out the dead meat. Observations extend- 

 ing over many months have failed to show that living water fleas, snail larvae, 

 worm larvae, etc., swallow oyster fry. One very abundant copepod, thought to 

 be a species of Calanus, is, however, suspected of feeding on oyster fry. 



Insect enemies, C. A. Ealand {London: Grant Richards Ltd., 1916, pp. 

 XIII-\-223, pis. 23). — In this work the author enumerates the life histories and 

 destructive habits of a number of important British injurious insects, and 

 gives descriptions enabling them to be recognized and methods by means of 

 which they may be held in check. 



Mushroom pests and how to control them, C. H. Popenoe {U. S. Dept. Agr., 

 Farmers' Bui. 789 {1917), pp. 13, figs. 7). — A revision of Bureau of Entomology 

 Circular 155, previously noted (E. S. R., 27, p. 657). 



Pests of sugar cane in British Guiana, J. C. Hutson {Agr. Neios [Barba- 

 dos'], 15 {1916), Nos. 382, pp. J^IO, J,ll; 383, pp. 426, 427).— This is a review of 

 the reports by H. W. B. Moore on the insect pests for the years 1914 and 1915, 

 which relate entirely to the enemies of sugar cane in British Guiana and their 

 control. 



General report on insect pests for the year 1915, H. W. B. Moore {Deme- 

 rara, Brit. Guiana: The Argosy Co., Ltd. [1916], pp. 8). — Noted above. 



Some new or little-known enemies of fruit trees, N. A. Kemneb {Meddel. 

 Centralanst. Forsoksv. Jordbruksomradet, No. 133 {1916), pp. 21, figs. 12; K. 

 Landtbr. Akad. Handl. och Tidskr., 55 {1916), No. 5, pp. 413-^29, figs. 12; abs. in 

 Rev. Appl. Ent., Ser. A, 4 {1916), No. 8, p. 354). — This paper deals particularly 

 with the shot hole borer, Magdalis pruni {ruficomis) which occurs in com- 

 pany with the shot hole borer, and Anobium rufipes, which is attacked by a 

 braconid {Hecabolus sulcatus). A key to the insects attacking the branches 

 and trunks of fruit trees, according to the nature of the injury, is appended to 

 the paper, as is a list of 37 references to the literature. 



Insects injurious to pine and fir trees in Sweden, I. TragAedh {Skogsvdrds- 

 for. Tidskr., 13 {1915), No. 11, pp. 813-874, figs. 49; abs. in Internat. Inst. Agr. 

 [Ro7ne], Internat. Rev. Sci. and Pract. Agr., 7 {1916), No. S, pp. 464, 465). — An 

 account of the Microlepidoptera injurious to pine and fir trees in Sweden, with 

 a list of references to the literature. 



Measures for avoidance and extermination of flies, mosquitoes, lice, and 

 other vermin, H. Maxwell-Lefroy {Calcutta and Simla: Thacker, Spink & 

 Co., 1916, 2. ed., pp. 17, figs. 5). — This second edition of the paper first issued in 

 1915 gives simple instructions for avoiding the attacks of disease-carrying in- 

 sects and for their extermination. It includes new methods devised during the 

 latter half of 1915 and used by the army in France and the Mediterranean 

 region, together with information especially applicable to India. 



Twenty-ninth report of the state entomologist on the noxious and bene- 

 ficial insects of the State of Illinois, S. A. Forbes {Rpt. State Ent. III., 29 

 {1916), pp. IX +127, pi. 1, figs. 24)- — This report consists of a number of papers 

 all of which, with the exception of one. On the Life History of the Codling 



