856 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.36 



the codling moth, others with two or three applications, while many suffer great 

 losses in spite of frequent and apparently thorough treatments. It is pointed 

 out that the first spraying made just after blossoming is by far the most effective 

 application. It is thought that the second spray will be most effective in reduc- 

 ing side injury if made the latter part of June, but so far as checking the pest 

 is concerned it does not seem to be essential. " Both the second and third 

 sprayings for the codling moth, even if they have comparatively little influence 

 in reducing the numbers of this pest, are abundantly justified in localities where 

 scab is more or less prevalent, assuming, of course, that a fungicide is univer- 

 sally added to the poisoned spray." 



Other important species considered are the chrysanthemum midge (Diar- 

 thronomyia hypogoea), which was a source of injury at Adrian, Mich., etc.; 

 white grubs, a serious outbreak of which "occurred in southern Rensselaer and 

 northern Columbia counties ; grasshoppers, investigations of which were con- 

 tinued in Fulton and Saratoga counties; and mosquitoes, the control of which 

 was undertaken in cooperation with the Sodus Bay Improvement Association, 

 A report of biological observations of various mosquitoes by the author and 

 H. H. Stage follows, and an account is then given of oil injuries to the bark of 

 deciduous trees resulting from the use of an oil compound in combating the 

 hickory bark beetle, lined chestnut borer, etc. In an experimental test of an 

 oily preparation, widely recommended under a trade name, upon various forest 

 trees with diameters of 1 to 2 in., six out of ten trees died within six months 

 and the others showed signs of serious injury. 



Under the heading of Notes for the Year, fruit tree insects mentioned include 

 the apple maggot, which is becoming abundant in some fruit-growing sections 

 in the Hudson Valley; the red bug (Heterocordylus malinus) and the lined 

 red bug (Lygidea mendax), both of which are widely distributed in the Hud- 

 son Valley, practical work in the control of which during the summer demon- 

 strated the efficacy of a tobacco extract application just before the blossoms 

 open ; the San Jose scale, which was less abundant in the Hudson Valley, due 

 to natural agents, including small parasites ; the sinuate pear tree borer, which 

 is extending its range from New Jersey into New York State ; the pear thrips, 

 the depredations of which were especially severe in the Hudson Valley owing 

 to weather conditions favorable to its activities; the pear psylla ; the quince 

 c«rculio; and the cherry leaf beetle {Galerucella cavicollis), which appeared 

 in large numbers in widely scattered localities and fed upon cherry and peach 

 tree foliage, but without serious damage to the trees. Forest tree insects men- 

 tioned are the white-pine weevil (Pissodes strobi) ; ugly nest cherry worm 

 {Archips cerasivorana) ; another pine twig borer Dioryctria abietella, which 

 was found working in the buds of Austrian pine at Rochester ; the periodical 

 cicada, a scattering infestation of which was reported in the Hudson Valley ; 

 and the recently established bayonet or post-horn pine borer which bids fair to 

 become a serious enemy of the native pines. The grass webworm {Crambiis 

 luteolellus), the lined spittle insect {Philmius lineatus), and the European 

 spittle insect (P. spumarius) were injurious to grasses. 



Lists of the publications of the entomologist and of the more important 

 additions to collections, October 16, 1914 to October 15, 1915, are also given. 

 Part 4 of A Study of Gall Midges (E. S. R., 34, p. 752), which deals with the 

 tribe Asphondyliarise, is appended. 



[Report of entomological investigations] (Wisconsin Sta. Bui. 275 {1911), 

 pp. 46-49, figs. 5). — In work with the codling moth on apple, excellent control 

 was secured from the use of powdered arsenate of lead at the rate of 1.5 lbs. 

 to 50 gal. of spray in four applications known as the " pink," " calyx," " second 

 moth," and " summer " sprays. Brief reference is made to improved methods of 



