HORTICULTURE. 51 



blight, long- keeping qualities, and beauty of fruit. In quality, however^ 

 tliey ai"3 inclined to be inferior to tlie domestic, varieties. If for Xew 

 York, late-blooming varieties should be selected, and little damage need 

 then be feared from frost. The varieties Eed June, Abundance, I>ur- 

 bank, and Chase seem to be entirely safe for planting in Xew York, 

 and as second choice Georgeson, Maru, Chabot, Ogon, Berckmans, and 

 Satsuma. For very early varieties Berger, Yosebe, and Willard may 

 be planted, although the size and quality are not the best. 



Descriptive, and in some cases illustrated, notes are given for 54: 

 varieties, those T^iiich are better known and understood having rather 

 detailed remarks devoted to them. The list of varieties contains also 

 the names of several synonyms. 



Prunes, apples, and pears in Oregon, TT, P. Hedrick {Oref/on 

 Sta. Bid. 40, ])]). o5-!);J). — Tiiis bulletin is based upon data collected 

 •while making a horticultural survey of the State. It is stated that 

 about 2(),(M)0 acres are devoted to prune growing in Oregon, mainly in 

 the Willamette and Umpqua valleys. The Willamette Valley pos- 

 sesses a more humid climate than some of the other regions, and in 

 consequence fungus diseases are rather more prevalent, while there are 

 not so many insect pests. For the successful growing of prunes a rich 

 sandy soil at least 4 ft. deep is best, with a well-drained black loam 

 as second choice. The maj(^rity of prune trees in Oregon are grown on 

 peach stock, but, in the opinion of the writer, the use of myrobolan 

 l)lum stocks is to be preferred, as the range of soils upon which peaches 

 will thrive is small, since they recpiire better drainage than do i)lums. 

 Prunes unite better with i)lum stocks. Plum stocks are less suscepti 

 ble to borers and diseases, and in general in other fruit regions plum 

 roots g'ive better results. Good drainage to obviate puddling of the 

 surface during the rainy season and to allow of cultivation is urged. 

 In some cases subsoiling may be necessary. 



Pruinng the tops and roots of tlie trees before planting and setting 

 them in straight rows at a time when the soil is dry enough to crumble 

 are advised, a distance of not less than 20 or 22 ft. having proved the 

 best. Early, clean cultivation should be given, and in young orchards 

 the land may be deeply plowed for a few years. The trees should be 

 ])ruiied to low rounded tops, having the branches well distributed on 

 the dilferent sides of the trunk. ]\In(^h larger and better prunes can 

 be obtained by thinning the fruits. This should be done when the 

 prunes are quite 'small, and the quantity removed must depend upon 

 tlie variety and vigor of the tree. It is believed that some varieties of 

 prunes are inclined to be self sterile, and that to provide for- the proper 

 fertilization of the flowers an orchard should be planted with mixed varie- 

 ties. The shot-hole fungus, borers, and the green aphis were found to 

 be the most abundant enemies of the prune. Descriptive notes are 

 given for 11 varieties of prunes, the Italian prune, French or Petite 

 prune, and Silver prune being considered the best. Brief remarks are 



