52 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



made upon evaporators for drying prunes, and upon tlie budding 

 ndustry of shipping fresh prunes East. From data obtained from 132 

 prune growers it is shown that tlie average expense of planting and 

 caring for a prune orchard amounts to $41.80 per acre for the first 4 

 years. The net profit of the 1894 crop averaged $104.50 per acre. 



General directions are given for the prei^aration and care of apple 

 orchards and the renovation of old orchards. Apples in Oregon suifer 

 more from pests than other fruits, the apple scab and codling moth 

 doing most damage, but being readily controlled by spraying with a 

 combination of Bordeaux mixture and Paris green. Practically but 7 

 varieties of apples are grown in the State for commercial purposes — 

 Spitzenburg, Ben Davis, Yellow Newtown Pippiu, Baldwin, Eed- 

 cheeked Pippin, and Northern Spy, named in the order of acreage. 



Pear growing in the State is as yet conducted on only a small scale, 

 but a few thousaud acres being planted to this fruit. Pears from the 

 Eogue River Valley seem to be of firmer texture, and consequently 

 shij) better. A deep, mellow clay loam is recommended, with tillage, 

 and pruning the trees to a pyramidal top. The chief pests are the 

 scab, Avoolly aphis, pear blight, and pear mite. Bartlett, Winter ISTelis, 

 Tyson, Seckel, Clapp, and Flemish Beauty are the favorite varieties 

 grown. 



Currants, S. A. Beach (Xew Yorlc State Sta. Bui. 93, n. ser., x)p. 

 413-444, pis. 5, Jigs. 4). 



Synopsis. — ThiB bulletin treats elaborately of a number of varieties of currants 

 tested on the station grounds, giving cultural notes, data on yields, and 

 illustrated descriptions of varieties. 



Ninety-three varieties of currants are comprised in the station col- 

 lection, of which 53 are station seedlings, the remainder being named 

 varieties, including IS red, G white, and 10 black kinds, 1 red and white 

 striped, 3 varieties of Rihes aureum, 1 of R. Jforidnm, and 1 of E. 

 sanguineum. The ground upon which they are grown is a well-drained 

 clay loam with clay subsoil, sloping to the south. The bushes are set 

 4 ft. apart in 6 or 7 foot rows, and each plant is given a forkful or two 

 of stable manure in the fall. Shallow summer cultivation is given 

 until August, and in the fall the bushes are pruned, all canes of 5 years 

 old being removed. 



Eighteen varieties of the common red currant {Rihes rubrum) are 

 described, and the varieties Cherry and Fay are regarded as among the 

 most desirable on account of bearing large, thin-skinned fruit, well filled 

 with rich juice or pulp. Prince Albert, London Eed, and Victoria 

 have given larger average yields, but the fruit is smaller, and in the 

 case of Loudon Eed the clusters are very short. Of the 6 varieties of 

 white currants {Rihes ruhrum) described, White Dutch gave the largest 

 yield for 1894 and 1895, followed by White Grape and Champion. Prince 

 of Wales was the most productive of the 10 varieties of European 

 black currant {Rihes nigrum) cultivated, followed by Common Black 



