HORTICULTURE. 53 



and Lee. The highest average yield per bush of the foreign varieties 

 for the past 3 years was 8.80 lbs. for the red, G.19 lbs. for the white, and 

 5.45 lbs. for the black varieties. Two varieties of the native black cur- 

 rant {Bibes anreum), indigenous to the Western prairies of the United 

 States, were grown. Of these the variety Jelly averaged larger and 

 had a better flavor than tlie sliglitly more productive variety Crandall. 

 The annual yields of each of these varieties was loss than a pound per 

 bush for the last 3 years. 



For propagation of currants the cutting method is preferred, the 

 cuttings to be made from ripe, hard wood in the fall, stripped of their 

 foliage if need be, and either planted at once, if early in the season, or 

 tied in bunches and buried about G in. deep in the earth until spring, 

 with the buds upward to keep the top buds dormant. In this case the 

 cuttings may be set out as soon as the ground is fit to work in the 

 spring. The soil for growing cuttings should be rich, well drained, and 

 thoroughly pulverized, and the cuttings should be placed in long 

 trenches with the top buds just above the surface. Strong 1-year-old 

 plants are regarded as the most desirable for setting. Directions are 

 given for propagation by layers and from seed, the latter method to be 

 used when it is desired to originate new varieties. 



Currants may be planted either in fields to themselves or in vine- 

 yards between the trellises. The distance between the bushes varies 

 with the vigor of each variety, but about 4 ft. apart in G-foot rows is 

 considered a good practice. 



Annual fertilizing with barnyard manure and some commercial fer- 

 tilizer is considered necessary, and clean, shallow cultivation should 

 be given until the end of summer. Pruning in either bush or tree form 

 is regarded as preferable to allowing old canes to remain on the i)lants. 



Brief descriptive and remedial notes are given on the currant worm, 

 currant borer, 4-lined leaf bug, leaf spot disease, and leaf blight. In 

 addition a note is made on an unknown fungus disease which infests 

 currant canes in the Hudson Eiver Valley, and for which no remedy 

 has yet been suggested. 



Orchard spraying and notes on raspberries, W. J. Green ( Ohio 

 Sta. Bui. 63^ lip. 97-113). — This bulletin consists chietly of directions 

 for spraying various orchard fruits, with remarks on the principles to 

 be followed. 



Experiments in spraying apple trees in different parts of the State 

 have resulted in the preservation of the foliage of sprayed trees and in 

 reducing premature dropping of apples from the sprayed trees. It is 

 urged that young trees be sprayed as soon as planted, using the same 

 precautions against fungi as advised for bearing trees, and attempting 

 by this means to prevent fungus diseases from gaining a foothold. It 

 is advised that 2 or 3 sprayings be given with Bordeaux mixture, one 

 before the leaves are open and another just before the time of bloom- 

 ing. After the apples have set, 1 or 2 sprayings with a combination of 



