DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 



87 



He cites a number of examples from i)ractice, especially the records of 

 milk delivered by creamery patrous, which he is ({uite sure show that 

 tlie food is a very important factor iu determining- the quality of milk. 



Tests of cream separators, H. II. WiNG(A"eir York Cornell Sta. 

 Bui. 105, pp. (J().'j-G:J()). — During the short dairy course of 1895 a series 

 of tests of the efficiency of separators was made similar to the tests 

 made the precediu,i? year and reported iu bulletin 00 of the station (E. 

 S. 11., G, p. 215). The machines were operated by students in the dairy 

 course under the direction of an instructor, but none of the tests 

 recorded were made until alter the class had been at work for nearly a 

 month and the students had had considerable Y)ractice in handling the 

 various machines. 



The fat in the skim milk was determined by the Babcock test. The 

 results of the test, including the maximum, niinumum, and average 

 percentage of fat in the skim milk, are summarized in the table below: 



Suvimary of iesis of separators. 



Separator. 



Butter accnninlator a... 

 De Laval Acme Alplia. . . 



De Laval Baby No. 3 



Keid's Improved Danish. 



I'nited States No. 3 



Victoria, 75 gallon 



Average 

 tempera- 

 ture of 

 milk. 



Beg. F. 



86 

 85 

 87 

 83 

 87 

 86 



Average 

 revolu- 

 tions of 

 bowl per 

 minute. 



7,438 

 6,185 

 5,720 

 4,485 

 7,578 

 6,686 



Average 

 amount 

 of milk 



sepa- 

 rated per 



hour. 



Pounds. 



414 

 1,088 



560 

 1,906 



562 



790 



Fat in skim milk. 



Mini- 

 mum. 



Per cent. 



0.01 



.01 



.01 

 .01 

 .01 

 .05 



Maxi- 

 mum. 



Per cent. 

 0.20 

 .10 

 .15 

 .25 

 .10 

 .20 



Aver- 



Pfr cent. 

 0.10 

 .05 

 .06 

 .11 

 .05 

 .09 



(f Used as a separator. 



Tests ((t factories. — With a view to studying the efficiency of different 

 separators of the same make, visits were made to factories in the vicin- 

 ity of Ithaca and samples taken of the skim milk and other data 

 secured. In all, 22 factories and 3 private dairies were visited, and the 

 working of 30 machines of 4 different makes and 9 different sizes and 

 styles were studied. The separators studied were Alexandra Jumbo, 

 De Laval Alpha Ko. 1, BabylSo. 2, and Standard; Sharpies llussian, 

 Standard, and Imperial; and United States. 



"In all the tests tho machiues were entirely iu the hands of the factory operators 

 and were run by them in their ordinary manner. 



"Equal i)ortions of the skim milk were taken from the skim-milk outlet at inter- 

 vals of 10 or 15 minutes, according to the amount of milk separated, ami from these 

 mixed together a sample was drawn for analysis. The determinations of fat iu the 

 skim milk were made in skim-milk Babcock bottles in all tests that were made pre- 

 vious to Septenib(3r 14. In the tests made on and after that date the determinations 

 were nnide with the new B. &, W. double-necked bottle for testing skim milk and 

 buttermilk. We have found this bottle much more convenient aiul more accurate 

 for testing skim milk than the ordinary skim-milk Babcock bottles, because of the 

 ease with which it is possible to measure slight differences iu percentage of fat. We 

 have found, too, iu comparison withtlie skim-milk Babcock bottle, that the B. it W, 

 bottle will give a slightly larger reading of fat. . . . 



