132 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



and colors, altliongh the variations in tints are the most apparent at 

 first glance. 



It is urged that sweet ])eas are not plants for formal flower beds, but 

 on ac<;oant of their modest daintiness should be planted in half secluded 

 places. The cultural methods employed with the varieties grown at 

 the Cornell Station are briefly outlined. ISTotes, in several instances 

 illustrated, are given of the varieties, and the following are considered 

 as best: Adonis, Apple Blossom, Blanche Ferry, Boreatton, Butterfly, 

 Captain of the Blues, Cardinal Wolseley, Countess of .Radnor, Duchess, 

 of Marlboro, Emily Henderson, Empress of India, Improved Painted 

 Lady, Isa Eckford, Lemon Queen, Mrs. Gladstone, and Tangier Scarlet. 



Zinc in evaporated apples, H. W. Wiley {TJ. 8. Bejjt. Agr., 

 Dirision of Chemistry Bui. 48, JW- 38). — The investigations reported in 

 this bulletin were undertaken to ascertain the correctness of the com- 

 plaints made in Germany that American dried apples contain zinc salts 

 in quantity sufficient to prove deleterious to health. The investigations 

 and analyses heretofore made are briefly reviewed and the process of 

 evaporating apples as commonly followed in the United States is 

 detailed. The apples after the removal of the skin and core are fre- 

 quently "sulphured" by exposing them to the fumes of burning sulphur 

 for the purpose of preventing the freshly cut surface from turning- 

 brown owing to the oxidizing effect of the air. After the sulphuring 

 process, which as a rule does not exceed half an hour, the a])ples are 

 sliced and dried on trays with bottoms usually of galvanized iron wire 

 screens. This method produces dried fruit of good taste and attractive 

 appearance, but which has been recently reported in Germany as con- 

 taining zinc, the metal undoubtedly having been taken u^) from the 

 galvanized Avire upon which the apples were dried. 



Eeports from the United States consuls at Hamburg, Cologne, and 

 Frankfort-on-the-Main are quoted, giving an account of the restrictions 

 against American dried apples in Germany because of their supposedly 

 poisonous nature. 



Samples of evaporated apples were obtained from various factories 

 and dealers in Kew York State and analyzed in the Division of Chemis- 

 try. The methods of analysis recommended by several German chem- 

 ists are quoted and the methods employed in the analyses here given 

 are technically detailed. Twenty-three samjAes of evaporated apples 

 were analyzed. In 5 of them no estimable quantities of zinc were 

 found, while in the others the percentage ranged from 0.0016 to 0.0318. 

 The average was 0.0152 i)er cent. The zinc was estimated as zinc oxid. 

 Brief notes are given on each of the samples and their origin described. 

 Some of the slices of evaporated apples were taken directly from con- 

 tact with the galvanized iron wire, while others had not touched the 

 wire at all. The iron wire used in making the drying trays was exam- 

 ined and found to lose its zinc covering in a few years from its being 

 gradually dissolved by the acids of the ajiples. 



