DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 161 



"There was a decrease in the auionut of fat in 3 instances and little change in 

 amount twice. 



"When the change in the ration was to more silage or to silage in place of some 

 other food, there followed an increase in the percentage of fat in the milk in G instances 

 (3 times the increase was slight), a decrease in 2 instances, and little change once. 



"After a change from a ration containing corn silage to one containing less silage 

 ornct any, there followed a decrease in the percentage of fat in the milk in 2 instances, 

 an increase in 2 instances (1 of them slight), and little change once. 



"In general there has been an increase in milk flow accompanying the use of corn 

 silage in the ration and at the same time an increase in the amount of fat, the per- 

 centage of fat not diminishing. At the valuations for foods given, milk has very 

 generally been produced at lower cost and the cost of the production of fat has been 

 lower while corn silage has constituted part of the ration." 



The influence of feeding sesame cake and cotton-seed cake on 

 the butter, V. Stein {Tidsl-)-. LandoJcoii., 13 {1895), pp. GCA-6G8).— 

 Sesame cake was fed to 2 cows iu iucreasing quautities for a period 

 of 49 days, until 5.5 lbs. a day per head was fed. Samples of the 

 cream were churned every 10 days and the butter fat examined by the 

 Badouin test (melted fat shaken with a solution of sugar in HOI, sp. 

 gr. 1.18; giving intense red color in the presence of sesame oil). In 

 no case was a reaction obtained in the fat produced by the cows fed 

 sesame cake. 



On the completion of this experiment the same 2 cows were fed 

 cotton-seed cake for 12 days, 2.2 lbs. and up to 5.5 lbs. being fed per head 

 per day. The buttter fat produced gave a reaction for cotton-seed oil 

 with Becchi's test as early as the third day of the experiment, and the 

 reaction was very marked after the sixth day and till the end of the 

 experiment. — F. w. woll. 



Examinations of the fat globules in cow's milk, Gr. J. Leufven 

 {Rep. Ultuna Agl. List., 1891, pp. 39-46). — The author investigated the 

 influence of the feeding of various kiuds of oil cakes on the size of 

 the fat globules found in the milk produced by 8 different cows; 

 also the influence of different breeds, and of the time of milking. The 

 oil cakes fed during the different periods of the experiment were palm- 

 nut cake, peanut cake, cotton-seed cake, sunflower-seed cake, and rape- 

 seed cake, 3.3 lbs. in each case, in connection with hay, straw, roots, 

 bran, and ground grain. It was found that no appreciable and pro- 

 nounced change in the size of the fat globules was brought about by 

 the feeding of these different kiuds of oil cakes. On the otlier Land, 

 the diminution in size of the globules with the advance of lactation 

 was very marked. Tbe author states that an increase in the size of 

 globules seems to occur again in the yellow viscous milk secreted 

 immediately before the cows are dried off". Certain diseases may change 

 the size of globules. Thus an increased size was observed in case of 

 a cow sufi'eriug from intestinal catarrh. The proportion of large glob- 

 ules was greater in the evening than in either the noon or morning 

 milk, and larger in the noon than in the morning milk. The ratio 

 between the globules larger and smaller than 0.0022 mm. for the 3 

 milkings was as follows : Morning 1 : 12.2, noon 1 : 10.8, night 1 : 9.6. 



