DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 165 



"Of the States in wliicli the prodnctiou of butter ou farms and in creameries is of 

 the greatest iiiiportauce, relatively to population, Vermont has a production of over 

 80 lbs. per capita, Iowa of over GO lbs., South Dakota of over 40 lbs., and Wisconsin, 

 Minnesota, North Dakota, Nebraska, aud Kansas of over 30 lbs. . . . 



"While nearly 6 times as much butter is made on farms as in creameries, nearly 

 13 times as much cheese is made in factories as on farms, and while the production 

 of cheese on farms shows a decrease of nearly one-third, such decrease is more thau 

 doully olfset by the increase in the production of cheese in factories. It is exceed- 

 ingly interesting to observe how the production of cheese on farms has gradually 

 given place to the factory system and how the remarkable change that has been 

 brought about is shown in the statistics of successive censuses. ... In 1870 the 

 factory i^rodnction amounted to 109,435,229 lbs., in 1880 to 215,885,361 lbs., and in 

 1890 to 238,013,565 lbs. . . . 



"The total production of cheese on farms and in factories per capita of population 

 was not only less in 1880-90 than in 1879-80, but even less than in 1849-'50. In Wis- 

 consin this total production in 1889-''90 averaged 33.7 lbs. for each inhabitant, in New 

 York 20.7 lbs., and in Vermont 18.6 lbs. For the entire country, however, the aver- 

 age per capita of population was only 4.10 lbs., of which less than 5 oz. represented 

 the liroduction on farms. Only in California, Idaho, Vermont, Nevada, and Maine 

 did the production on farms average 1 lb. or upward for each inhabitant. 



"In connection with the relative decline of cheese making in the United States, of 

 which there is further evidence in the fact that the total production per milch cow 

 in 1889-'90 was 4 lbs. less than in 1879-80, reference may be made to the fact that the 

 total exports of cheese in the fiscal year ending Juno 30, 1890, were only 95,376,053 

 lbs. as compared with a total of 127,553,907 lbs. in the fiscal year ending June 30, 

 1880." 



Tables aud diagrams are given showing tlie total cheese and butter 

 production in 1800 by States; the ])rogress of dairying- for half a cen- 

 tury; butter, cheese, and condensed-milk factories; and cattle and farm 

 statistics by States. 



Dairying' in foreign countries is briefly discussed, and statistics and 

 diagrams are given of the cows and cattle in a large number of foreign 

 countries. 



"Canada is our chief competitor in the foreign cheese market. Recent statistics 

 show that its dairy iuterests per square mile are comparatively small. ... In 1890 

 the total cheese production of Canada was less than that of New York, and her butter 

 production was slightly greater than that of New York, but less than that of Iowa. 



"During the 10 years from 1880 to 1890 the production of cheese in Canada increased 

 80 per cent and the production of butter 11 per cent. In the same period the cheese 

 production of the United States increased less than 6 per cent and the butter pro- 

 duction 50 per cent. In the same time the number of cows increased 16 per cent in 

 Canada and over 32 per cent in the United States, and population increased 12 per 

 cent in Canada and 25 per cent in this country." 



The population, number of cows, and production of butter and cheese 

 ])er sfpiare mile in each State and Territory are shown, and the rank of 

 each State and Teriitory in regard to land area, population, production 

 of dairy i^roducts, etc. Some figures are also given on the average value 

 of the cow, the number of cattle of diti'erent breeds, and the growth of 

 the factory system in the United States, and in conclusion dairy statistics 

 later than 1890 are given for 15 States. 



