DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 



173 



included among tlie number in tlie poorest class. The average percent- 

 ages of water in the butter placed in the different classes according to 

 the judges' scoring were as follows: 



Per cent of water. 



Class A (scoring highest) 13. 50 



Class B 13.64 



Class C 13.68 



Class D 13.68 



Class E (scoring poorest) 13. 79 



The average water content for all creameries during the year was 

 13.70 per cent. The butter from 90 per cent of the creameries averaged 

 between 12 and 15 per cent of water, and that from 42 per cent (250 

 creameries) between 13 and 14 per cent of water. 



Eighty-six per cent of the creameries made butter from pasteurized 

 cream, 44 per cent pasteurizing their cream at all times and 42 per 

 cent a part of the time. Fourteen per cent made butter from unpas- 

 teurized cream, Ninety-eight per cent of the butter in the 3 highest 

 classes was from creameries where the cream was pasteurized. — f. w. 



WOLL. 



Some butter investigations, Y. Stein ( Tidskr. LandoJcon., 13 {1895), 

 pp. 653-663). — Thirty-two samj)les of butter and 25 samjjles of fat from 

 cream churned by the author were examined. The butter was produced 

 on 3 Danish estates and by English analysts had been pronounced adul- 

 terated. Most of the cows in the herds in question were far advanced 

 in lactation. The samples were taken between September and March. 

 The limits of the results obtained are shown in the following table : 



Beaults of examinations of butter fat. 



I 



1 Single determination. 



The lowest figure found for the volatile acids according to the 

 Wollny-Eeichert method was in a sample of butter taken in October, 

 when only 15 cows in a herd of 26 head were milking, all of which were 

 " strippers." The author warns dairymen not to export butter made 

 almost exclusively from the milk of old milking cows, and advises send- 

 ing it to a large creamery where it may be mixed with milk from new 

 milch cows. — f. w. woll. 



Report of Oerebro Chemical Station and Seed-Control Station 

 for 1894, J. W. Widen {Oerebro {Siveden) : 1895, pp. 48). — This con- 

 tains the usual accounts of chemical and seed-control work, includ- 

 ing analyses of fertilizers (p. 117), feeding stufis (p. 154), and dairy 

 products. The following average analyses of 01 samples of creamery 



