242 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Gall formation and the transformations of Cynips calicis, etc., M. W. Beyer- 

 INCK {Verli. Kgl. Akad. TVetenschap. Amsterdam, 3 {1S96), Sec. 5, No. 2, pp. 43; abs. in 

 Centhh Bald, und Par. Ally., -J {1S9G), No. 17, pp.5G3-56S). 



The apple maggot, J. J. Willis {Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 20 {1896), No. SOS, p. 331).— 

 Brief notes are given on Trypeia pomonella. 



Concerning kerosene emulsion, W. M. Schoyen (Zlschr. rjianzenkranTc., 6 (1890), 

 No. 3, pp. loO, 151). — Notes are given on the preparation and use of this important 

 insecticide. 



Insecticide for combating aphides, B. Liebig {Amer. Forest, 12 (1896), No. 434, 

 p. 189). — Spraying the under side of leaves and around the stems of plants with a 

 solution of 10 jiarts soft soap, 50 of quassia powder, 5 of salicylic acid, and 200 of 

 alcohol is 8%id to protect them from aphides. 



A bacterial disease of the squash bug, B. M. Duggar {Presented before Sec. G of 

 the America)) Association for the Advanren)ent of Science, Aug., 1896 ; abs. in Science, n. 

 ser., 4 {1896), No. 91, p. 432). — A brief description was given of a bacterial disease 

 of the squash bug {Anasa tristis) together with a report of successful experiments 

 upon l)oth squash and chinch bugs. The isolation, growth, and characteristics of 

 the bacillus were given. Mention was made of a toxic principle excreted by the 

 organism, in an infusion of which insects died almost as soon as immersed. 



FOODS— ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 



Investigations on respiration and the total metabolism of man, 



K. SoNDEN and R. Tigerstedt {ISkand. arch, rhj/siol, 6 {1895), No. 

 1-3, pp. 1-2M, pis. 5, dgms. 35). — The authors describe a respiration 

 apparatus which has been built at the physical laboratory of the Caro- 

 lieu Medical-Surgical Institute at Stockholm. The apparatus is of the 

 Pettenkofer type, but is very much larger than those previously used, 

 since it has a cubical content of 100.65 cubic meters. It is really a 

 small air-tight room lined with zinc. In making the experiments a 

 current of air was pumped through in somewhat the same way as in 

 the Pettenkofer apparatus. The moisture in the air was determined 

 by means of Souden's hygrometer, the August psychrometer, and the 

 dewi;)oint apparatus. The carbon dioxid was measured by a modifica- 

 tion of the Pettenkofer-Voit methods. The authors made a number of 

 control experiments with burning lamps of various sorts to furnish 

 heat and wet cloths to furnish moisture, and believe that their meas- 

 urements of water are accurate within 7.1 iier cent and of carbon 

 dioxid within 1.16 per cent. The apparatus was so large that a number 

 of persons could enter at the same time. 



A large number of experiments with men, women, and children were 

 made. They were divided into 4 classes: (1) On total daily excretion 

 of carbon dioxid by men and women of different ages, (2) on the excre- 

 tion of carbon dioxid and nitrogen by man at different hours in the 

 day, (3) on the influence of muscular work upon carbon dioxid excretion, 

 and (4) on the total metabolism of individuals of different ages. 



(1) Under the first class 18 experiments with 122 men and boys 

 ranging from 7 to 57 years old were made, and 15 experiments with 111 

 women and girls ranging from 8 to 66 years old. The results are given 

 in detail in tabular form. The following- conclusions were reached: 



The carbon dioxid excretion of boys increases so little between the 



