244 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



observntious made with 11 individuals was 6.84 per cent of the raean 

 value, that is, oue- third smaller thau during waking. The minimum 

 carbon dioxid excretion per square meter body surface in sleep in the 

 case of 11 and 12 year old children is 52 per cent greater than that of 

 aged persons, and in the case of young people of 18 to 20 years it is 17 

 per cent greater. 



The daily variations in the temperature of a man at rest are chiefly 

 and very probably entirely caused by the daily variations in the 

 intensity of metabolism. 



The experiments with nitrogen are discussed in detail, but the 

 general conclusions are not summed up as in the case of carbon. 



(3) A number of experiments were made in which the subjects per- 

 formed muscular labor of various sorts — for instance, walking, climbing 

 up and down a ladder, and working with an ergostat (Gartner's). The 

 following conclusions were reached: 



When muscular work is performed the increase of carbon dioxid 

 excretion is so great that it is hardly possible that work is done at the 

 expense of protein. The labor which must be expended to move 1 kg. 

 of the body 1 step forward increases the carbon dioxid production 

 0.000102 gm., the limit of error being iO.OOOOOG gm. The motion of 

 forward pi ogression of 1 kg. body weight through 1 meter increases 

 the carbon dioxid production 0.000149 gm., the limit of error being 

 ±0.000008 gm. In climbing a ladder each kilogrameter expended for 

 external work increases the carbon dioxid production 0.00214 gm., the 

 limit of error being ±0.00006, provided the same amount of energy is 

 expended in the ascent and descent. If the work is performed at the 

 expense of carbohydrates 42.4 per cent of the energy is utilized. 



In turning a crank each kilogrameter of energy expended for external 

 work increased the carbon dioxid production 0.00368 gm., the limit of 

 error being 0.00013 gm. If the work is performed at the expense of 

 carbohydrates 24.7 per cent of the energy is utilized. 



(4) In the metabolism experiments the food and feces were not 

 measured or analyzed. The nitrogen in the urine was determined and 

 the carbon calculated. The authors intend to make more extended 

 investigations, and the results already published are not summed up 

 as in the other cases. 



Throughout this report the authors make many references to the 

 work of other investigators and quote many of their results. 



The food value of ground cotton seed as compared with cotton- 

 seed cake, K. Christy {Rejmrted by B. Dyer in Dent, landw. Presse, 

 23 {1896), Ko. 3, pp. 22, 23). — Two feeding tests were made with black- 

 headed Suflblk yearling sheep at Eoxwell, Chelmsford, England. The 

 object was to determine the relative value of ground cotton seed, which 

 contains all the oil of the seed, and cotton-seed cake. The first trial 

 was begun with 2 lots of 19 sheep. They were pastured in a meadow 

 and fed kohl-rabi and later ruta-bagas and chopped barley or oat straw. 



