312 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Boot galls (pi). 367-375). — This treats of irregular excrescences on the 

 roots of fruit trees, or on the main stems just below the ground. The 

 size varies from that of a pea to several inches in diameter. Several 

 authors are quoted to show the varying opinions as to the nature of 

 such galls which are not believed to be due to the attack of any organ- 

 ism, i)lant, or animal, but rather consisting of malformation following- 

 some injury of the root or uncongenial condition in soil or treatment. 

 As the galls may seriously interfere with the nutrition of the tree, the 

 cutting off of all galls when nursery stock is i)lanted is recommended. 



Are dewberries icorih groicing (pp. 375-383) ? — This consists of informa- 

 tion supplementary to Bulletin 34 of the station (E. S. Ti., 3, p. 523). 

 The varieties Lucretia and Bartel are considered the most desirable of 

 the several varieties that have been introduced. The Lucretia dew- 

 berry in particular is recommended on account of its earliness, and if 

 given careful culture and trained on stake or wire trellis it is believed 

 to be a profitable fruit. 



The goumi (pp. 383, 384). — A brief descriptive account of Elcvagnus 

 Jongipes, citing its botanical characteristics and horticultural possibili- 

 ties. The bush is hardy in western New York and yields such abun- 

 dant crops of red gold-flecked berries of agreeable piquant flavor that 

 the extensive cultivation of the plant is recommended. 



TJie winter injuries (i)p. 385-392). — This briefly recounts the effects of 

 the winter of 1895 upon vegetation throughout the State, much injury 

 being done. All stone fruits were especially injured, pears also suffer- 

 ing. It is thought that the injury produced by the cold weather was 

 augmented by the drought of the preceding summer, by means of which 

 the trees were weakened in vitality, and the dryness of the ground pre- 

 vented the trees making up the moisture evaporated during the winter 

 season. Cut twigs were placed in living rooms to ascertain the loss by 

 evaporation. During the 3 days occupied in the experiment the rate 

 of evaporation was constant, averaging i cgm. jjer hour. Notes are 

 given on the condition and injuries of peaches, pears, plums, apricots, 

 dwarf cherries, chestnuts, and walnuts. 



Crimson clover in orchards (pp. 302-390). — This cites experiments with 

 crimson clover to ascertain its hardiness and value as a green manure 

 crop in orchards. Crimson clover is recommended only for orchards 

 and not for forage or hay croj^s, the common clovers, spring-sown, being 

 more useful for this purpose. It is believed that if crimson clover is 

 sown the last of July or first of August the best results will 1)e pro- 

 duced. The ground should be prepared by previous pulverizing. 



Onions, B. C. Bui<-fum ( Wtjoming Sta. Bpt. 1895, Appen.,pp. 31-46, ph. 2). — Reprinted 

 from Bulletiu 22 of the station (E. S. R., 7, p. 211). 



Garden peas, B. C. Buffum (Wyoming Sta. Bpt. 1895, Appen., pp. 159-167). — A 

 reprint of Bulletin 26 of tbe station (E. S. R., 8, p. 48). 



Squashes, L. C. Corbett {South Dakota Sta. Bpt. 1895, Bulle,tinii,pp. 77-92, figs. 2). — 

 Bulletin 42 of the station (E. S. R., 7, p. 403), Louiid with the Annual Report. 



