350 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



ou either or both sides of the line. The tiles were 1 ft. long, and by pouring in 

 the water at one end of the line it was distributed at the joints throughout the 

 length desired when the opposite end was stopped up. Take celery as an example 

 crop for irrigation on uplands. We plant the celery as above stated, and while it is 

 young we have simple surface irrigation ; b)it as the crop grows we bank it up, and 

 finally have the tile covered, and thus have subirrigation. The tiles are cheap and 

 last indefinitely. When the celery is harvested, the tiles are dug out also and piled 

 up or used for subirrigation in the greenhouse beds. Potatoes and A'arious other 

 crops can be grown in the same way. The celery watered this year grew well and 

 did not rust. Besides this, we were able to water 20 times as much space in the 

 same time as in the ordinary way with ditches. Besides saving time, this plan deliv- 

 ers water where it is most needed, and we have reason to believe is fully as econom- 

 ical with water as with time." 



Experimects daring 2 seasons have shown that with this method 

 " the plants did fully as well as in the other systems and with less 

 water." 



" Onion seed sown upon upland, with and without irrigation, gave marked results 

 in favor of irrigation, [but] to get the best results cultivation goes hand in hand 

 with irrigation. Mulching and subsolling are milder forms of irrigation which can 

 be resorted to with good results to counteract drought. 



"Many soils need drainage, perhaps, rather than irrigation, while in some others 

 there is a medium which gives best results."' 



Money value of good roads to farmers, W. C. Latta ( U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Office of Road Inquiry Circ. 33, pp. 4). — " Letters of inquiry were 

 sent to 00 of the most intelligent fanners in 40 counties located in the 

 central and northern i)arts of the State.'' From the 40 replies received 

 the following approximate averages were obtained: 



" (1) The average estimated increase in the selling price of land due to existing 

 improved highways is $6.48 per acre. Tlie estimates from which this average is made 

 refer inmost cases to lands near the improved roads; but in a few instances they 

 apply to all the lands of the county. The average increase, therefore, of $6.48 per 

 acre is lower than was intended for the lands near the improved roads. 



" (2) The estimated average increase per acre that would result from improving 

 all the public roads is $9. 



" (3) The estimated average cost of converting the common public roads into 

 Improved highways is $1,146 per mile. 



" (4) The estimated average annual loss per 100 acres from poor roads is $76.28." 



Small lateral pressure of silage after settling has ceased, 



F. H. King ( Wisconsin Sta. Rpt.l894,pp. 289,290, fig. 1).—A.n account 

 of 2 burned silos is given, whose contents still remained in place after 

 all support had been thus removed. This shows the absence of lateral 

 pressure after settling and the necessity of rigid silo walls to prevent 

 the formation of air spaces between silage and walls and the conse- 

 quent loss by fermentation. 



Scales used for heavy weighing ( Wisconsin Sta. Bpt. 1894, p. 291, 

 fig. 1). — The scales used in weighing cylinders of soil are described and 

 figured. It consists of a steelyard of 1,000 lbs. capacity, having a beam 

 graduated to tenths of a i^ouud and provided with a knife-edge at the 

 end of which to hang additional Aveights. 



