AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING. 351 



Farm drainage, C. G. Ei.iaott (F. S. Ihpt. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 40, jip. 24, figs. 6). —A 

 j)0])nlar treatise on this subject, iiicliKliug tlic following topics: Texture of soils and 

 its relation to their drainage; natural and artificial drainage; surface drainage and 

 Tinderdraiuage; tile drainage, including distance apart and depth of underdrains, 

 kind of tiles, size of tiles to be used, how to locate drains, surveys and grades, dig- 

 ging and grading the trench, grading from a survey, laying the tiles, filling the 

 trenches, action to be expected from underdraiuage, cost and profit of tile drainage; 

 open drains, cost, and classification for assessment purposes; and construction of 

 open ditches. 



What quantities of ^vater should be carried off by drainage ? E. Fi:aisixet 

 {Fiihling's Landir. Ztg., 4'> {ISDG), Xo. 14, pp. 4-ll-4o5). 



Drainage in practice and theory; different methods of digging ditches; 

 drainage of water courses (Anal. Sockdad Rural Argentina, 30 {ISDG), Xo. 1, pp. 

 9-16, figs. IG). 



Protecting the banks of streams, A. Roxxa (Jour. agr. Prat., GO {1S9G), II, No. 

 35, pp. 300-312, figs. 4). 



Experiments -with water lifts, A. Chatterton (Dept. Land Records and Agr., 

 Madras, Bui. 32, pp. 14, pis. 2). — This is a report of official tests of 3 forms of animal- 

 power windlasses in common use in India for raising water for irrigation and other 

 purposes. 



The proper time to apply w^ater — cultivation, T. S. Vax Dyke (Irrigation Age, 

 10 {1S9G), Xo. 4, pp. 12G-129). 



The South Dakota artesian basin, F. F. B. Coffin (Irrigation Age, 10 (1896), Xo. 

 2, pp. 71-73). 



Storage reservoir sites and canals, F. C. Fixkle (Irrigation Age, 10 (ISDG), Xo.2, 

 pp. 77, 78). 



The irrigation of hillsides — ^vinter irrigation, T. S. Van Dyke (Irrigation Age, 

 10 (1896), Xo. 2, pp. 74-77). 



The influence of irrigation on climate and health, W. L. Woodruff (Irrigation 

 Age, 10 (1896), Xo. 2, pp. 67-70). 



Method of constructing macadamized roads ( U. S. Dept. Agr., Office of Road 

 Inquiry Circ. 21, pp. 12). — This is an abstract of a report by the chief engineering 

 inspector of the Local Governing Board of England, prepared in compliance with 

 the request of the California Bureau of Highways for information regarding "the 

 methods employed in England in the matter of highway improvement." 



Good roads for Pennsylvania, J. Hamilton (Pennsi/lrania Dept. Agr. Bui. 12, pp. 

 42, figs. G). — This article "is in no sense an exhaustive discussion of the question, 

 but is intended simply to call the attention of supervisors and others interested in 

 road construction to some facts and methods which the writer has found by expe- 

 rience to be practicable under our present conditions, and which it is believed will, 

 if carried into operation, speedily bring about a change for the better in the roads of 

 the Commonwealth.'' 



The following topics are briefly discussed: How much road does Pennsylvania 

 have? What is a good road? How to maintain a good road; suggestions; how to 

 construct a clay road; material for ballast; implements for road building and 

 repairs; wide tires; breakers; table of grades; table of traction; repairing; man- 

 agement in winter; mortgaging township; cost of crushing and distributing stones; 

 cost of earth roads; road taxes levied in the townships of Pennsylvania; and ajipro- 

 priatious by counties for roads and bridges. Various machines useful in road con- 

 struction are illustrated. 



The preservation of posts, L. Danger (Zrtxrfic. Wochcnhl. Schles. Hoist., 46(1896), 

 Xo. 34, pp. 4S.l-48'i). — The application of crude petroleum and chlorid of zinc, petro- 

 leum alone, and suli)hate of copper, or charring is recommended. 



Self-acting drinking contrivances, Schacht (Landw. Wochenbl. Schles. Hoist., 46 

 {1896), Xos. 30, pp. 435-442, figs. 19; Xo. 37, pp. 530-535, figs. 13; Deut. landw. I'resse, 



