ENTOMOLOGY. 803 



111 all previous discussions of an ecoiioinic nature regarding' these 

 green fruit worms, tlui author says, they have beeu considered as com- 

 prising l)nt a single si)ecies of insect {Xi/lhia unicnndtn), but after 

 si)eciinens of the cateri)illars began to arrive at the iusectary, it was 

 found that there were 2 distinct species; and later it was determined 

 tbat there were 3 species. 



About three-fourths of the green fruit worms sent to the iusectary 

 were A', antennata. X. laticincrea was represented among specimens 

 received from each locality and in one or two instances it seemed to be 

 as numerous as the i)receding species. Concerning the earlier stages 

 of the X laticinerea it is observed that the caterpillars appear in May, 

 that luipation takes place in earthen cells in June, that the caterpillars 

 form no trace of a cocoon, and that the pupa state continues until fall, 

 when the moths emerge from some of them. In the iusectary, most of the 

 pupte were hibernating at the time of writing (December). One moth 

 emerged September 20. From recorded captures it appears that the 

 ''^"^-sjnoths of this species fly in the fall and spring, many of them doubtless 

 hibernating, and others not emerging- until spring. 



X. groiei formed but a small percentage of the worms sent in. 



Among the natural enemies of these worms the author notes the red- 

 winged blackbird and the hymenopterous jiarasites, Metevrus hyphan- 

 tria\ Hypliantria cnnea. and Mcsochorus agilis. Twenty-six half-tone 

 illustrations are given of the moths, larvje, pupte, and parasites of these 

 insects. 



For combating- these pests, spraying with Bordeaux mixture and 

 Paris green before the blossoms open, cultivation of the orchards dur- 

 ing July and August while the worms are in the ground undergoing 

 their transfornuitions, and jarring the worms from the tree into sheets, 

 are recommended. 



The principal insect enemies of the grape, C. L. Marlatt ( U. S. 

 Dept. Af/r. Yearhool 1895, pp. 384-40i, pjs 7^5)._Nine of the 100 dif- 

 ferent insect enemies known to affect the grapevine in this country are 

 here treated. These 9, the phylloxera {Phylloxera va.statrij'), the tidia 

 {Fidia viticida), the cane borer {Ampliicerus bicaudatus), the flea beetle 

 {Haltica ehalybea), the rose chafer [Maeyodaeiylus suhspinosus), the 

 gra[)e leaf folder {Desmia mdculaUs), the grape leaf hopper {Typhlocyha 

 vitifex), and the grape berry moth [Eudemis botrana), are practicaJly 

 the most important. 



Of tiiese the phylU)xera is veiy fully described. The usual remedies, 

 such as the use of bisuli)hid of carbon, flooding the vineyard, and 

 planting in sandy soil, are noted at some length, as is also the use of 

 resistant stocks, such as jiistivalis, riparia, and labrusca. 



The fidia, the author says, is best treated by means of an arsenical 

 spray with lime used in the customary way of 1 lb. to 150 gal. of water. 

 The larva' feeding around the roots may be killed by wetting the soil 

 around the vine with kerosene enuilsion before they have scattered, or 

 by injecting bisulphid of carbon as in the case of the phylloxera. 



