FOODS ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 819 



The following- are some of the principal coiuilnsioiis reached by the 

 authors: A liorse of ")()() ko-. wcio-lit by the motion of forward progres- 

 sion through a horizontal distance of 10 kilometers at a spee:l of 1 5 

 meters per second loses 2.4 kg. in weight. A horse of the same weight 

 covering a distance of 10 kilometers with a velocity of 1 .5 meters per 

 second and producing lt>0,000 kilogrameters of work loses about 3.8 kg. 

 in weight. 



Generally speaking, horses digest from a ration of maize cake (1) 

 sometimes more and sometimes less carbohydrates, but always li or 3 

 times as much i)rotein as from a ration of hay; (2) less carbohydrates, 

 but more protein than from a ration of oats and maize, and (3) less car- 

 bohydrates and protein than from a lation of horse beans. 



In general when no work is performed horses gain in weight when 

 oats are consumed, but the gain is not i)roportional to the quantity 

 eaten. The gain is less with hay, which also furnishes less available 

 energy. On the other hand, maize cake does not produce a gain com- 

 parable with that from maize and beans. When walking the gains in 

 weight of horses vary with the different rations, being greatest on maize, 

 followed by beans, maize cake, oats, and hay, in the order mentioned. 

 The superiority of maize cake to oats is still more noticeable when it is 

 remembered that the quantities assimilated from the former are much 

 less than from the latter. On this basis the apparent superiority of the 

 maize and especially of the beans diminishes. As a ration for horses 

 when trotting hay is much inferior to the other feeding stuffs used as 

 regards gains in weight, and it can also be said that the nutritive ele- 

 ments assimilated from this feed are much inferior in quality. ^laize 

 cake produced less satisfactory results than beans, and maize than oats 

 as regards the available energy furnished. For work done in drawing 

 a cab maize at first seemed to be inferior to the other rations, but this 

 was not the case. The quantity fed did not furnish a sufticient amount 

 of nutriment, which was also true of the oats, cake, and beans. It 

 appeared that the cake was much superior both to hay, a coarse fodder, 

 and to beans, which may be regarded as a type of feeding stuffs rich in 

 protein. On the other hand, the cake is much inferior to feeding stuffs 

 like corn and oats, which are rich in starch and moderately rich in 

 protein. Its coefficient of digestibility is midway between corn and 

 oats, as is also its nutritive ratio. 



From a practical standjKjint maize cake, which is a commercial by- 

 product, satisfies all the demands of the organism of the horse. Its 

 chemical analysis indicates this and exi)eriencc has proven it. Horses 

 consuming a ration of cake and straw for a year remained in good 

 health. It would be advantageous to feed more cake than was fed in 

 tliese experiments. 



Feeding experiments v^ith laying hens : The relative eflBciency 

 of whole and ground grains, AV. T. Wiikklek {Xrir York ^Slatc iSta. 

 Bui. 100, n. sir., pp. 153-](>2). — A feeding exjieriment was made with 4 



