WATER SOILS. 



065 



the year 1877 to date. The principal conclusions reaclie<l may be 

 snuimaiized as follows; 



Of the three soil constituents, humus, clay, and (inaitz, the last heats 

 and cools Mith the greatest rapidity, clay standing;- next in this respect, 

 and humus lowest. As a consequence quartz shows the widest varia- 

 tions in temperature, clay and humus following in order. These differ- 

 ences between the various soil constituents are not apparent if the 

 averages of soil temperatures for long periods are taken, since the tem- 

 perature extremes are practically identical. 



The influence of a particular soil constituent varies with the advance 

 of the season. With a rising and with a high temperature the sand is 

 the warmest, clay being- second and humus last, other conditions being 

 the same. With a falling and with lower temperatures the order is 

 reversed. For this reason during the warmer half of the year, sining 

 and summer, sand shows the highest temperature, humus the lowest, 

 and clay stands intermediate; while during the colder half of the year, 

 fall and winter, these constituents stand in reverse order in respect to 

 temi)erature. 



Under abnormal weather conditions, as, for instance, frequent and 

 Jong-continued cold periods in summer or warm periods in winter, the 

 reverse of the above is true. 



The temperature of the soil is dependent upon the precipitati<m to 

 the extent that in wet weather, especially if accompanied by cold, clay 

 is, on the average, the coldest soil constituent. 



In n)ixtures of clay, sand, and humus, the temperature in general 

 depends upon the peculiarities of the individual constituents, the varia- 

 tions being greater in case of mixtures of clay and sand and humus 

 and sand than in those of humus and clay. 



Shallow artesian wells of South Dakota, J. II. Shepakd 

 {South Dakota Sta. Bui. i!\ pp. 2i, map 1). — This bulletin is a report on 

 a continuation of investigations described in lUilletin 41 of the station 

 (E. S. E., 7, p. 287), and gives mineral analyses of 3 samples of arte- 

 sian water from the Grant County basin, 1 sample from the Hurley 

 basin, 2 from the Turkey Ridge Creek basin, and 3 from the Sanborn 

 County basin, as well as analyses of water from a surface well at 

 Brookings and an isolated shallow artesian well at Itamsay. The com- 

 position of the principal waters reported is as follows: 



Composition of shallow artesian waters from South Dakota. 



Well. 



Tw in lirooks 



A iiisileii 



Kevillo 



1 { uriey 



] >ii('liauuii 



Irene 



Sliepard 



Artenian City 



Heaver 



lli'dsloiie 



Wooiistxrket 



059— No! H — ^ 



