HORTICULTURE. 983 



cases the grapes tasted strongly of the parafliii with wliich tlic boxes 

 were sealed. 



Grapes hung in a box left open to the air as a cheek experiment began 

 to mold and tnrii brown in 1) days and in 20 days all had moulded. 



Analyses of the musts of the preserved grapes siiowed a decrease of 

 sugar and an increase of acid in the grapes kept in alcohol vapor. 

 (ira])es preserved in carbon dioxid and in sulphur ruincs maintained 

 their usual sugar and acid contents. 



The author sums up the results as follows: "These experiments, 

 although in no case successful in preserving grapes in jterfectly mar- 

 ketable condition, are A'^ery promising, and show that at least their 

 appearance can be kept perfect. Tiiey show also the ease with which 

 grapes, under the conditions in the experiments, took u[) odors,andthe 

 necessity of keeping them protected from anything that is liable to 

 give them a bad flavor. It is for this reason that the use of carbonic- 

 acid gas will, in all probability, be preferable to the use of either alcohol 

 or sulphur fumes." 



Resistant vines — their selection, adaptation, and grafting, A= P. 

 Hay]\E {CnUfornia Sta. Vitivuliural Ept. is'jo, Appcn., pp. 53, Jigs. 

 13). — This is a popular bulletin designed to give information in regard 

 to replanting vineyards destroyed by phylloxera and to "correct mis- 

 conceptions of some fuudamental principles." The subject is treated 

 under the following heads: 



Fhijlloxera. — ITotes are given on the native habitat of the phylloxera 

 and the introduction of the insect into Europe from the United States. 

 The evolution of resistant vines is discussed. 



Remedies. — Under this head are discussed insecticides, submersion, 

 planting in sand, quarantine, disinfection, and resistant vines. The 

 latter are considered to be the only economical remedj- against phyl- 

 loxera in California. The author believes that the extra expense of 

 grafting and care of resistant stocks would be fully repaid by the 

 larger yield and better quaLty of grapes produ(;ed on resistant stocks, 

 even if there were no phylloxera at all. Of 18 species of American 

 grapes, all of which are more or less resistant, only 2, Vitis rupestris 

 and v. rlpuria, were found to be of practical value, the others not 

 adapting themselves readily to changed conditions. Hybrids between 

 American species and V. vinij'era thus far have not proved desirable, 

 either as resistant stocks or as direct ])ioducers, except in special cases, 

 as on alkaline soils, etc. The character of the land for resistant vines 

 is divScussed at some length. 



Description of resistant vines. — Under this head the two most impor- 

 tant resistant species, a number of their varieties, and a few hybrids 

 are described and their relative merits discussed. On dry sandy soils 

 r. rupestris is best; on rich, moist, compact soils V. rijHtri((, and on 

 excessively calcareous soils V. berlandieri. The varieties of these species 

 vary greatly, some of them being of very little value. 



