1918] FIELD CROPS. 133 



The tillage experiments included depth-of-plowing tests and a comparison of 

 early and late fallows. The deeply-plowed (7 in.) winter fallow, adequately 

 cultivated to keep down the weeds and check loss of moisture through evapora- 

 tion, has been the most remunerative system tested. 



The fertilizer experiments included tests with phosphates, commercial nitrog- 

 enous materials, potash, farmyard manure, and lime. The phosphate tests were 

 extensive and included the testing of various phosphorus carriers and of phos- 

 phate applications under various cropping conditions. The results of all 

 fertilizer tests are summarized in tabular form, showing the dirdct effects of the 

 various treatments on wheat when harvested for grain or hay, as indicated by 

 the net values of the mean yields. In the bare-fallow, wheat rotation an 

 application of 2 cwt. of acid phosphate gave the highest net return with both 

 grain and hay, the value of the meaai yields being $2,67 and $2.87 per acre, re- 

 spectively, in excess of the value of the mean yields produced on the untreated 

 checks. In the bare-fallow, wheat, pasture rotation an application of 0.5 cwt. 

 of acid phosphate gave the highest net return for wheat, $4.66, while the high- 

 est return for hay was $5.28 from an application of 1 cwt. 



The rotation experiments included 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-course rotations with 

 wheat, sorghum, rape (for pasture), barley, peas, and alfalfa. The highest 

 net return per acre from the various systems tested was secured from a bare- 

 fallow, wheat, barley rotation when based on the value of the wheat crop 

 harvested either for grain or for hay. 



Harvest report [Rosewortliy Agricultural College], 1916—17, W. J. Cole- 

 batch ET AL. {Jour. Dept. Agr. So. Aust., 20 (1911), No. 8, pp. 623-648).— Con- 

 siderable meteorological and crop data for the season 1916-17 are reported. 

 The crop yields totaled 165 tons of berseem clover, 103 tons of cereal silage, 

 375 tons of hay, 200 tons of straw, and 10,786 bu. of grain, including peas, 

 barley, oats, rye, and wheat. 



Additional data show the comparative yields of wheat varieties, hybrids, and 

 selections grown on the college farm in 1916. 



Culture experiments with varieties of root crops, P. J. Lovo (Aarsber. 

 Norges Landbr. Hoiskoles Akervekstforsok, 21 (1915-16), pp. 10-57, figs. 4). — 

 The results of cooperative culture and variety tests with root crops in different 

 parts of Norway are reported. 



It was found that root crops over the entire country produced yields of 

 forage higher than those secured from any of the crops generally grown for 

 that purpose. In most sections the best yields of forage were secured from 

 turnips. It was also found that the turnip crop is capable of utilizing a heavier 

 application of fertilizers, as well as better methods of culture, than are now 

 generally given. Of the different varieties grown Dales Hybrid showed the best 

 keeping qualities. The relative production of foliage was higher in northern 

 Norway than in other parts of the country. 



Experiments with different kinds and mixtures of hay crops, K. Vik 

 (Aarsbcr. Norges Landbr. Hoiskoles Akervekstforsok, 27 (1915-16), pp. 58- 

 115). — Hay crops were tested in 3- and 5-year rotations. 



Among the leguminous hay crops in both rotations red clover followed by 

 alsike clover led in production. Timothy stood first among the grasses In 

 both rotations, but a strain of English rye grass gave nearly as good yields in 

 the 3-year rotations and several strains of fescue grasses in the 5-year rota- 

 tions. In a series of 3-year tests grass mixtures gave in every case a greater 

 yield than was secured from the same grasses grown separately. The standard 

 mixture, consisting of 20 per cent red clover, 10 per cent alsike clover, and 70 

 per cent timothy, in most instances gave the best yield. 



