1918] FIELD CKOPS. 141 



mature vines being favorable to the most complete destruction of the roots. 

 The preparation and application of the spray is described and the possible 

 dangers to plant and animal life to be encountered in handling arsenic, briefly 

 noted. 



It is stated that from 85 to 90 per cent of the morning glcy roots on plats 

 near the coast can be killed to a depth of 4 ft. or more by the application of 

 a properly timefl spray to mature vines, and that the vines may be destroyed 

 and prevented from seeding by the use of a spray at any time during the year. 

 While the enfeebled roots of sprayed plants send up new sprouts which reach 

 the surface in from 7 to 12 months, it is thought that annual fall spraying 

 would eventually eradicate the weed. 



Farm weeds of North Carolina and methods for their control, J. L. Burgess 

 and C. H. Waldbon (Bid. N. C. Dcpt. Agr., 31 (1916), No. 8, pp. 20, figs. 17).— 

 This is a brief discussion of the methods of eradication and control of 17 of 

 the principal weeds found in North Carolina. 



Weeds in meadows at the Leteensuo experiment station, E. F. Simola 

 (Finska MosskulUirfor. Arsbok., 20 (1916), No. 2, pp. 92-124). — The results of 

 culture and fertilizer experiments with special reference to weed growth on 

 meadows established on different types of soil are reported. 



It was found that the use of the harrow and the application of potash and 

 phosplioric acid reduced weed growth and improved the quality of the hay. 

 Through adequate and suitable top-dressings of swampy meadows such a dense 

 and otherwise favorable growth of grass was secured that after seven years of 

 treatment the meadows were nearly free from weeds. Inadequate applications 

 of fertilizers resulted in thin and weak stands of grass and a high percentage 

 of weeds. 



Annual weeds which were quite numerous on fallow almost entirely dis- 

 appeared and the biennial and perennial species were reduced to a considerable 

 extent during the first year of treatment. The reduction of the species other 

 than annuals varied with the kind of fertilizer application given. 



On a clay soil originally largely overgrown with sphagnum the degree of 

 weediness, owing to an increasing growth of Ruinex acetosclla and species of 

 Agrostis which crowded out the clovers, was lower during the first year of the 

 experiments than during the fifth. Of the grasses introduced into the meadows, 

 timothy and orchard grass proved most effective and resistant. On this type 

 of soil the grass was mixed with weeds to a less extent than on the soils o'f a 

 nonclayey character. 



Applications of calcium nitrate on other than clay soils gave a larger in- 

 crease in the yield of hay and a greater improvement in quality than were se- 

 cured from the use of ammonium sulphate. It was observed that by the fifth 

 year of the tests the introduced grasses had died out and had been replaced 

 mainly by R. acetosella and species of Agrostis. The larger applications of 

 calcium nitrate produced the smaller quantities of weeds and the higher yields 

 of grass. 



Good yields of grass and hay with low weed content were secured on 

 sphagnum bog soils when proper cultivation was given and a suitable grass mix- 

 ture was used. In an experiment with calcium nitrate, the check plat contained 

 only 1.82 per cent of weeds and yet the weed percentage was smaller on the 

 treated plats. The yields of hay for the different years ranged from 1,958 

 to 6,213 lbs. per acre. Lathyrus pratcnsis and Vicia cracca grew well on this 

 soil without the application of calcium nitrate and proved effective in counter- 

 acting the spread of weeds. 



A new weed, H. W. Andrew (Jour. Dept. Agr. So. Aust., 20 (1917), No. 7, 

 pp. 557, 558, fig. 1). — The appearance of Scorzonera laciniata (Podospennum 

 lacmiatum) in South Australia is reported. The plant is briefly described. 



