1918] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 167 



of the fungicides on the action of the poisons is difficult to explain fully. The 

 effect of the sodium sulphid in increasing the toxicity of the various poisons is 

 apparently due to the presence of the element sodium. A portion, at least, of 

 its action consists, we believe, in its effect in increasing the palatability of the 

 leaves, resulting in the larvae eating ravenously for a few days. They thus get 

 a large amount of poison into their system in a short time, resulting in their 

 more rapid death. The sodium sulphid also has the effect of rendering the 

 metallic arsenates, such as lead arsenate, more active (and more dangerous to 

 f«>liage) by acting upon them chemically, forming sodium arsenate and a metallic 

 sulphid." 



New records of entomogenous fungi in Barbados, W. Nowell {Agr. Neics 

 [Barbados], 16 (1917), No. 3S9, p. 94)- — The author records the common occur- 

 rence of three species of fungus parasites of insects on the leaves of lime trees, 

 namely, the common fungus VerticilUum heterocladvm on a species of citrus 

 white fly, Aschersonia (ciibensis?) on star scale {Vinsonia), and Ophionectria 

 coccicola on purple scale. 



[Entomological progress in India] (Rpt. Prog. Agr. India, 1915-16, pp. 

 50-57).— A brief summary of the more important results of work for the year 

 ended June 30, 1916. 



Control of some of the important garden and truck crop insects, T. J. 

 Talbert (Univ. Missouri, Agr. Ext. Serv. Circ. 15 (1917), pp. 2Jf, figs. 19). — 

 A popular summary of information on these insects and means for their control. 



The olive insects of California, E. O. Essig {California Sia. Bui. 283 (1917), 

 pp. 43-64, figs. 21). — A discussion of the olive insects of California and meas- 

 ures for their control. The more important insects considered are the black 

 scale, the ivy or oleander scale (Aspidiotus hederw), the branch and twig borer 

 (Pohjcaon confertus), and the olive bark beetle {Luperisinus caUfornicus). 

 Those of minor importance to olive trees in California include the orange thrips, 

 the bean thrips {Hcliothrips fasciatus), the net-winged cicada {Platypedia 

 areolata), the mountain-ash louse (Pemphigus fraxini-dipetalw), the red scale 

 (Chrysomphalus aurantii), the purple scale, the greedy scale (A. camelli<B), the 

 omnivorous looper (Sabulodes caberata), and larvte of a pyralid moth. 



Brief notes on some of the principal insects attacking the olive trees in other 

 States and foreign countries are also included. 



Important pecan insects and their control, J. B. Gill (U. S. Dept. Agr., 

 Farmers' Bui. 843 (1917), pp. 48, figs. 58). — This contribution from the Bureau 

 of Entomology reports the results of studies of the more important pecan 

 insects, the damage caused by which amounts to hundreds of thousands of 

 dollars annually. The insects considered in detail are the pecan nut case 

 bearer (Aet'obasis hebescella), the pecan shuckworm (Laspeyresia cafyana), 

 and the pecan weevil (Balaninus caryw), which injure the nuts; the pecan 

 leaf-case bearer (A. nebulella) , the pecan cigar-case bearer (Coleophora caryce- 

 foUella), the pecan bud moth (Proteopteryx bolliana), the fall webworm, the 

 walnut caterpillar (Datana integerrima) , the hickory phylloxera (Phylloxera 

 carycecaulis), and the little hickory aphid (Monellia caryella), which injure 

 the foliage and shoots; white ants or termites (Leucoterm.es flavipes), the oak 

 or hickory cossid (Cossttla magnifica), the flat-headed apple-tree borer, the 

 red-shouldered shot hole borer ([Sinoxylon] Xylobiops basilaris), the belted 

 chion (Chion cinctus), the hickory twig girdler (Oncideres cingulatus), the 

 oak pruner (Elaphidion villosum), and scale insects, which injure the trunk 

 and branches. 



[Insect enemies of the coconut palm in Netherlands Indies and their con- 

 trol], P. E. Keuchenius (Teysmannia, 27 (1917), No. 11-12, pp. 579-642, pis. 

 8), — ^A summary of information on the more important coconut insects. 



