1918] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 161 



been observed to deposit as many as 8 batches of eggs, containing a total of 

 1,228. In moist, warm weatiier tlioy hatcli in less tlian 3 hours after deposition. 

 In living animals the larvae mature in from 4 to 5 days. From 3 to 14 days are 

 passed in the pupal stage. The entire life cycle is completed in from 1 to 4 

 weelis, depending on the temperature and humidity. 



The complete destruction of all dead animals is said to be the best method 

 of control. 



Other flies infesting vv^ounds, including the sheep wool maggots, brief mention 

 of which is made, are the black blowfly (Phormia regina), the green bottle fly 

 (Lucilia sericata), and the gray flesh flies (Sarcophaga texana., S. tuberosa 

 sarracenioides, and S. robusta). 



A preliminary classification of Diptera, exclusive of Pupipara, based 

 upon larval and pupal characters with keys to imagines in certain families, 

 I, J. R. Malloch {Bui. III. State Lab. Nat. Hist., 12 {1911), Art. 3, pp. 

 V-\-161-410, pis. SO, fig. 1). — This work was prepared in response to a demand 

 for analytical keys to the immature stages of Diptera. 



The Colorado potato beetle, T. O. Morrison ([JSien.] Rpt. Dept. Agr. Wash., 

 2 {1915-16), pp. 100-103).— The appearance of the Colorado potato beetle at 

 Sunnyside, Wash., early in July, 1916, is recorded. A survey which was at 

 once made demonstrated the presence of this pest in 14 patches, and eradica- 

 tion work by means of sprays and hand picking was immediately commenced. 



The white grubs injuring sugar cane in Porto Rico. — I, Life cycles of 

 the May beetles or melolonthids, E. G. Smyth {Jour. Dept. Agr. P. R., 1 

 {1011), No. 2, pp. 41-92, pis. 8).— In this first part the author deals with the 

 May beetles of the tribe Melolonthini, of which five species have been studied 

 in Porto Rico, a reference to which has been noted (E. S. R., 36, p. 753). All 

 five of these melolonthids are new to science, and four belonging to the genus 

 Phyllophaga are being described by the author under the names P. vandinei, 

 P. portoricensis, P. guanicana, and P. citri, as well as a single species belonging 

 to the genus Phytalus under the name P. insularis. A discussion first given of 

 the white-grub problem and of the wliite grubs pf Porto Rico and elsewhere is 

 followed by accounts of life-history work elsewhere, life cycles, enemies in 

 Porto Rico, methods of rearing, etc. The life-history studies have shown that 

 all four of these species of Phyllophaga and the single species of Phytalus 

 require but a single year and sometimes less to undergo their life cycles. 



P. vandinei, the larva of which is the worst sugar-cane pest of the island and 

 perhaps one of the three most injurious sugar-cane white grubs in the world, 

 is restricted to the western third of the island, having been recorded only as 

 far east as ManatI on the north coast and at Penuelas on the south. It has 

 reached such great abundance in this territory, particularly in the Guanica 

 district, as to have caused whole fields of cane to fall and begin to sour in a 

 week's time after damage first became evident. It has made the growing of 

 ratoon cane in the Gufmica and San Germfl,n districts impossible, and in addition 

 to the cost of replanting for each crop has necessitated the continued hiring 

 of boys to collect the grubs and beetles at a cost of hundreds of dollars in a 

 single season. It is stated that there are cases on record where over 50 grubs 

 of this species have been spaded out from under a single stool of cane, and it 

 is not an uncommon occurrence to dig out 20 or more grubs from one cane 

 stool. Due to its great abundance in the heart of the worst-infested district, 

 where the laboratory is located, a large proportion of the studies were made of 

 this species, the details of which are presented. 



The eggs are deposited among roots in the soil in small globular pits or 

 cavities, one egg being deposited in each pit. The average incubation period 

 for 1,089 eggs was 14 days, the maximum 17 days In March and the minimum 



