194 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.38 



may mean. The only restrictions in the statutes of Kentucky that apply to 

 child workers on farms concern their attendance at school." 



The education of city boys on the land: A preliminary inquiry, .1. J. Find- 

 lay {Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], 2.i (1917), No. 1, pp. 21-32).— The author dis- 

 cusses the results of an inqvrtry to discover what efforts are being made to 

 educate city boys over 12 years of age to fit them for rural occupations, i. e., 

 not merely to give them lessons in a country school, but to provide them with 

 first-hand experience of country occupations. He found only two institutions 

 in Great Britain that definitely aimed to teach agriculture to city boys, viz, 

 the Scouts' Farm established by Sir Robert Baden Powell at Wadhurst in 

 Kent and the endowed school at Staunton-on-Wye, Hereford. 



Institutions for waifs and strays and the reformatory and industrial schools 

 bring a certain portion of their inmates back to the land in two ways: (1) By 

 sending boys who are educated wholly in the cities to farmers under license, 

 very often to South Wales or to Ireland, thus keeping them at farm work 

 until they are at least 18 years of age; and (2) by training boys on farms 

 which are maintained side by side with other industries at some of these insti- 

 tutions. In this connection mention is made of the Lancashire Branch of the 

 National Children's Home and Orphanage at Edgeworth, which is practically 

 a model country village in which boys and girls engage in all of the domestic, 

 industrial, and agricultural crafts which their common life demands ; also of 

 the Desford Farm School, conducted for some four years at Evershot in Dor- 

 setshire, which is a certified industrial school, specializing in farming and 

 gardening, as well as in the staple trades of Leicester. 



Most of the boys turned into farmers at Wadhurst and in the industrial 

 schools, etc., have gone to the colonies because in England they can hope to 

 secure at the best only a scanty livelihood. In the author's opinion the whole 

 problem is at present one mainly for private initiative, and the remedies must 

 clearly be sought in the field of social organization. Measures for the improve- 

 ment of this unsatisfactory state of things are discussed. 



Vocational education (CaJ. Bd. Ed. Bui. 23 {1911), pp. 29).— This bulletin 

 contains the general regulations adopted by the California State Board of 

 Education, July 19, 1917, for the establishment and maintenance of Federal 

 and St^te aided vocational education in California. It deals with Federal and 

 State aid available for, and the provisions and requirements of the Federal 

 and State acts relating to, part-time vocational courses in agriculture ; voca- 

 tional courses, and classes in the trades, household economics, and industries; 

 and continuation classes in civic and vocational subjects. 



For the vocational courses in agriculture a one-year course of not less 

 than 36 weeks is recommended at the present time, but a second year may 

 be added later if a sufficient number of pupils desire the work. Not less 

 than three hours a day of each pupil's time must be devoted to farm-project 

 work and to the instruction pertaining thereto, and to farm mechanics. Each 

 pupil must also conduct at least one farm project during the school year, 

 such as the producing and marketing of farm, orchard, vineyard, or garden 

 crops, or of bees, poultry, stock, or other farm animals or their products, and 

 upon a commercially productive basi.s. 



Schools maintaining vocational agricultural courses under these acts must 

 also provide for the organization and supervision of agricultural clubs, under 

 the agricultural extension department of the University of California, for 

 pupils not maintaining project work as a part of such courses. 



The regulations also deal with the sources of financial support, qualifications 

 of teachers, etc. 



