254 EXPERIMENT STATION RECOED. [Vol.38 



Coleospornim soUdayinis and C. delicatulmn on a plantation of about 10,000 

 trees of P. resinosa. 



Contributions to our knowledge of the white pine blister rust, W. A. Mc- 

 CuBBiN {Phytopathology, 7 {1911), No. 2, pp. 95-100, fig. i).— An attem- t has 

 been made by the author to determine the method of infection of the pine by 

 Cronartium ribicola. A large number of infections were examined, from which 

 it appeared that the chief mode of infection was by way of the leaf fascicles 

 through the so-called short shoots. 



Studies were made of the life cycle of the fungus on the pine, from which 

 the author concludes that it has a 5-year cycle. The first season is a period 

 of Infection, followed by a dormant period during the second season, with 

 swelling of the host tissues in the third and fourth seasons, and the formation 

 of fficia in the fifth and following seasons. This outline of the life cycle is be- 

 lieved to obtain in the majority of cases, although it is not entirely invariable. 



Early discovery of white pine blister rust in the United States, R. G. Pierce 

 {Phytopathology, 7 {1917), No. 3. pp. 224, 225).— A brief note is given on the 

 determination in 1905 by Mrs. F. W. Patterson, mycologist of the U. S. Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, of Peridermium on white pine. This record antedates 

 previous reports on this fungus. 



State and national quarantines against the white pine blister rust, P. 

 Spaulding and R. G. Pierce {Phytopathology, 7 {1917), No. 4, pp. 319-321).— 

 From a tabulated statement showing the quarantines that have been declared 

 against the transportation of white pines as a prevention of the spread of the 

 white pine blister rust, it is seen that 18 States, the United States, and Canada 

 prohibit the movement of all white pines or the 5-leaved species, and in a num- 

 ber of instances the interstate movement of currants and gooseberries is also 

 prohibited. 



Synthetic culture media for wood-destroying fungi, E. J. Piepek, C. J. 

 Humphrey, and S. F. Agree {Phytopathology, 7 {1917), No. 3, pp. 214-220).— 

 Formulas are given for synthetic cultaire media for wood-destroying fungi such 

 as Fomes, Lenzites, Stereum, etc. 



The mononchs (Mononchus Bastian 1866), a genus of free-living predatory 

 nematodes, N. A. Cobb {Soil Sci., S {1917), No. 5, pp. 431-486, figs. 75).— In a 

 brief introduction the author states that a careful examination has fully demon- 

 strated the predacious character of certain common and widely spread soil- 

 inhabiting species, which are found to feed on other small animal organisms, 

 such as protozoa and rotifers, and other nematodes, and has led to the deter- 

 mination that practically all mononchs are predacious. The evidence indicates 

 that the nematodes destroyed are injurious to agriculture since all 14 species 

 observed have proved to be carnivorous. Mononchs were formerly considered 

 as harmful to vegetation, due (1) to the congregating about the roots and be- 

 tween the leaf sheaths of plants, especially succulent plants, and (2) to the 

 fact that vegetable matter was often found in their intestines. 



The first part of this work (pp. 433-453) is devoted to the structure, func- 

 tions, and distribution of mononchs, which constitute a genus of free-living 

 predatory nematodes Inhabiting soil and fresh water, as well as the above- 

 ground parts of certain plants. The second part (pp. 453-486) Is devoted to a 

 classification of the genus, including a table for the separation and descriptions 

 of 60 species belonging to 6 subgenera, of which 31 are described as new. They 

 appear to molt four times. 



A bibliography of 50 titles Is included. 



Segmentation in nematodes: Observations bearing on the unsettled ques- 

 tion of the relationship of nematodes to other branches of the animal king- 

 dom, N. A. Cobb {Science, n. ser., 45 {1917), No. 1171, p. 59S, figs. 2). 



