19181 ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 257 



with the Swedish or frit fly {Oscinella frit), the winter cereal fly (Leptohylem- 

 yla coarctatn), insecticides, etc. Examinations made of the stomach contents 

 of moles are also reported upon. 



Report of the imperial entomologist, T. B. Fletcher (Rpt. Agr. Research 

 Inst, and Col. Pusa, 1915-16, pp. 58-77; abs. in Rev. Appl. Ent., Ser. A, 5 (1917), 

 No. 3, pp. 124-126). — This reports upon the occurrence of and work of the year 

 with Insect pests in India. 



Economic zoology {Ann. Rpt. Bd. Se-l. Advice India, 1915-16, pp. 152-176).— 

 Under the heading of agricultural entomology (pp. 152-173), T. B. Fletcher 

 deals with the occurrence of and work with insect pests in Pusa, the Provinces, 

 and native States, including a list of publications on entomology. Forest ento- 

 mology is dealt with by N. C. Chatterjee (pp. 173-176). 



Pests and diseases of New Zealand flax, D. Miller {Joicr. A(jr. [New Zeal.'l, 

 U {1917), No. 6, pp. .131-^39, figs. 2).— This is a progress report of studies of 

 the life history and methods of control of Xanthorlwe prwfectata, the larvre of 

 which damage the leaf and fiber of New Zealand flax {Phormium tenax), and 

 of other insects which incidentally were found to do considerable damage to 

 flax. Those reported upon are Alelanchra steropastis, the larvje of which cut 

 notches from the edge of the leaf and are most abundant upon the hill flax; 

 CEceticus omnivorus, the larvse of which remove the lower epidermis of the flax 

 leaf in circular patches ; etc. 



Paddy pests in Travancore {Trop. Agr. [Ceylon], J,8 {1917), No. 6, p. 362).— 

 The rice bug {Leptocorisa varicornis) was the most important pest during 

 1915-16. The rice swarming caterpillar {Spodoptera niauritia) appeared in 

 some parts of Kuttanad, and the rice stem borer {Schwnohius bipiinctifer) is a 

 common rice pest all over the State. 



Insects and diseases of orchards and garden and their control, G. S. Ral- 

 ston and R. E. Marshall {Va. Polytech. Inst. Ext. Bui. IJf {1917), pp. 55).— 

 A popular summary of information. 



Common garden insects and their control, A. Gibson {Canada Depi. Agr., 

 Ent. Branch Circ. 9 {1917), pp. 20, fig. 1).—A popular summary of information. 

 Spraying for apple aphids and red bugs in New York, H. E. Hodgkiss 

 {Proc. Friiit Growers Assoc. Adams Co., Penn., 11 {1915), pp. SS-93). — An ad- 

 dress consisting of a summary of information on the control of these pests. 



Defoliation, a defensive measure against vine pests, J. Capus {Bui. Soc. 

 Etude et Vulg. Zool. Agr., 15 {1916), No. 11-12, pp. 118-122; ahs. in Rev. Ajipl. 

 Ent., Ser. A, 5 {1917), No. 3, p. J37 ) .—Experience has shown that defense 

 against Cochylis ambiguella and Etidemis botrana is impossible without pre- 

 liminary defoliation, and that this must be done at the time when the inflores- 

 cences are formed and before the leaves removed are full grown. A second 

 defoliation is recommended if the fruit again becomes hidden by the develop- 

 ment of the leaves ; this gradual exposure prevents the grapes from being dried 

 up by the sun. 



Shade and forest insects in Manitoba, J. M. Swaine {Agr. Gas. Canada, 4 

 {1917), No. 9, pp. 755-763). — Brief mention is here made of the western willow 

 leaf beetle {GaleniceUa decora), the fall cankerworm, the spring cankerworm, 

 the Negundo plant louse {Chaitophorus negundinis), the Negundo twig borer 

 {Protcopteryx willingana), the spruce sawfly {Lophyrus abietis), the larch 

 sawfly, etc. 



Insects and prickly pear, W. W, Froggatt {Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales, 28 {1917), 

 No. 6, pp. 417-426, figs. 4). — In considering the relation of insects to the prickly 

 pear, the author has made extracts from Tryon and Johnston's report, previously 

 noted (E. S. R., 33, p. 134), and he comments on some of the suggestions of the 



