1918] FOODS — HUMAN NUTRITION. 265 



pp. 75-80, figs. 4; abs. in Jour. Roy. Micros. Soc, No. 2 {1911), p. 216). — Under 

 the name Anteris nepce a parasite \Yhich develops in tlie eggs of Nepa is de- 

 scribed as new. 



FOODS— HUMAN NUTRITION. 



The nutritive value of margarins and butter substitutes with reference to 

 their content of the fat-soluble accessory g'rowth substance, W. D. Halli- 

 nuETON and J. C. Deummond {Jour. Physiol., 51 {1917), No. 4-5, pp. 235-251, 

 figs. 17). — From experiments on rats the authors draw the following conclu- 

 sions : 



" The fat-soluble accessory growth substance is present in beef-fat and 

 ' oleo-oil ' and is present in margarins prepared upon such a basis. Such 

 margarins are nutritively the equivalent of butter. 



" Coconut oil, cottonseed oil, arachis oil, and hydrogenated vegetable oils 

 contain little or none of this accessory substance, hence margarins prepared 

 with a basis of these fats have not an equal nutritive value to that of butter. 

 Nut butters prepared from crushed nuts and vegetable fats are similarly not 

 equal to butter. 



" Lard substitutes prepared from vegetable oils are equal to lard in their 

 nutritive value, both alike being destitute of the fat-soluble accessory substance." 



Edible fats, in war and law, D. Wesson {Jo\ir. Indus, and Engin. Chem., 10 

 {191S), No. 1, pp. 71-73). — A statement of the fat situation in this country, with 

 comment on the oleomargarin and filled cheese laws. 



Butter as a vehicle of infection in typhoid, M. F. Boyd {Jour. Amer. Med. 

 Assoc, 69 {1917), No. 24, jyp. 2030-2032).— A report of two outbreaks of typhoid, 

 in one of which the epidemiological evidence implicating butter was considered 

 conclusive, in the other merely suggestive. In neither case was the cream 

 pasteurized. The author comments that attenuation and diminution of the 

 numbers of typhoid bacilli in the presence of lactic acid and the salt in the 

 butter prevents it from being as great a menace as infected milk. 



The distribution of milk {Roy. Soc. [London], Food {War) Com., 1917, Nov. 

 20, pp. 3). — The committee recommends that due to the probability of a milk 

 shortage, a priority scheme for milk distribution be adopted. Persons needing 

 milk are divided into six groups, as follows : Infants from birth to 9 months, 

 IJ pts. per day ; 10 to 18 months, IJ pts. per day ; 19 months to 5 years, 1 pt. 

 per day ; 6 to 14 years, 1 pt. per day ; all other healthy persons, i pt., or accord- 

 ing to the supply available ; and sick persons and pregnant v.'omen, according to 

 medical certificate. In case of shortage they would receive preference in the 

 order listed, group 6 ranking with (1) and (2). 



A study of Puget Sound oysters, Edith F. Hindman and F. J. Goodrich 

 {Amer. Food Jour., 12 {1917), No. 11, pp. 611-614).— The article includes results 

 of bateriological analyses of oysters and their liquor under different conditions 

 of handling. 



The manufacturs of meat food products, R. D. MacManus (Amer. Fnud 

 Jour., 12 {1917), No. 10, pp. 559-563, figs. 6).— This gives a description of the 

 methods of handling the animals and the manufacture of by-products. 



The sterilization of unsound meat, W. J. Howaeth {Jour. State Med., 25 

 {1917), No. 6, pp. 161-168).— The author concludes that in England it would be 

 very unwise to undertake the sterilization of unsound, condemned meat with 

 the object of subsequently selling the meat to the public. 



Memorandum on the uses of maize or Indian corn, W. H. Thompson {Roy. 

 Soc. [London], Food {War) Com. Memo., 1917, Apr. 20, pp. 5). — Data are in- 

 cluded on the composition, varieties, products, and digestibility of maize. 



