19181 FOODS HUMAN NUTRITION. 267 



that individual consumpUou be reduced to the minimum required for efficiency, 

 but that no special restriction be placed on meat consumption ; that the number 

 of cattle, sheep, and pigs be reduced; and that the importation of cereals be 

 increased and the importation of meats decreased. 



Investigation of workers' food and sucrgestions as to dietary, L. E. Hill 

 (Min. Munitions [Gt. Brit.], Health Munition Workers Com. Memo. 11 (1916), 

 pp. 11). — Studies showed that meals served at canteens to munition workers 

 Iiave an energy value of about 1,000 calories and are well balanced as to protein, 

 fat, and carbohydrate. The cost compares very favorably with similar meals 

 at caf6s. Comparisons are also made with meals brought from home. In 

 hotels erected for munitions workers, the deitary was found to average 3,695 

 calories per man per day. 



Suggested daily dietaries with analyses and costs are appended. 



The family budgets and dietaries of 40 labouring class families in Glasgow 

 in war time, Margabet Fergltson (Proc. Roy-. Soc. Edinb., 37 [1916-17], No. 2, 

 pp. 117-1S6). — Forty representative families were studied whose average in- 

 come was 30s. i d. The caloric value of the diet averaged 3,297 calories per man 

 per day, and the protein 102 gm. per man per day. Forty-eight per cent of the 

 energy value was obtained from cereals, and 40 per cent from bread. The 

 average cost in 1915-16 had increased 36.4 per cent above that in 1911. In 

 November and December, 1915, the average value obtained for Id. was 380 

 calories and in the spring of 1916 it was 305 calories. 



The food requirement in infancy {Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 69 {1917), No. 

 lit, p. 1175). — This review of recent work shows that in new-born infants at 

 complete rest, the metabolism does not exceed 48 calories per kilogram of body 

 weight per day. Between two months and one year it increases to 60 calories. 

 Between two and six months the muscular activity may increase the metabol- 

 ism 67 to 70 per cent over the basal metabolism at rest. It is suggested that 

 if the infant is very quiet, 15 per cent should be added, if normally active 25 per 

 cent, and if extremely active about 40 per cent. There should also be added 15 

 per cent for energy lost in the excreta and 20 per cent for growth. If the food 

 contains a large proportion of protein (cow's milk) it will have to have greater 

 fuel value than if human milk is fed because of the stimulating effect of the 

 protein. 



These requirements refer to normal infants. 



The metabolism of arginin, W. H. Thompson {Jour. Physiol., 51 {1917), No. 

 3, pp. 111-153). — Arginin carbonate given with food to dogs cause an increase 

 of total creatinin in the urine of 10 per cent on a meat-free diet. With birds 

 the increase was 22.6 per cent. When given hypodermically or by intravenous 

 injection to dogs on a meat-free diet, the increase in creatinin in the urine was 

 22.5 per cent over the normal. In rabbits the creatinin excretion was 80 per 

 cent above normal. The addition of arginin to the food of birds and dogs 

 had no effect on the excretion of preformed creatinin. When arginin was giveii 

 in the food for two or more periods with intervals between a decreased output 

 of creatinin was found. 



Observations on the excretion of arginin show that the partition of its nitro- 

 gen in the urine of dogs was on the average as follows: (a) Arginin carbonate 

 given with food — total nitrogen 56.5 per cent, urea nitrogen 34.7 per cent, am- 

 monia 13.7 per cent, amino-acid nitrogen 2.33 per cent, nitrogen as total cre- 

 atinin 3.47 per cent; (b) arginin carbonate subcutaneously injected — total 

 nitrogen 67.87 per cent, urea nitrogen 35.4 per cent, ammonia 4.05 per cent, 

 amino-acid nitrogen 4.7 per cent, and nitrogen as total creatinin 4.12 per cent. 



The vitamin hypothesis in relation to alleged deficiency diseases (Jour. 

 Amer. Med. Assoc., 69 {1917), No. 24, pp. 204O, 2041).—A survey of recent works 



