laiSJ HORTICULTUEE. 345 



storing- vegetables for winter, M. C. Meekill {Utah Sta. Circ. 26 {1911), pp. 

 S). — This circular discusses the fundamental principles of vegetable storage, 

 storage requirements, types of storage, and storage conditions for different 

 types of vegetables. 



The propagation of fruit trees, A. and Gabkieh.e L. C. Howakd {Sci. Rpis. 

 Agr. Research I nut. Pusa, 1916-17, pp. ^/S— 50 ) .—Experiments conducted at the 

 Fruit Experiment Station at Quetta, Baluchistan, have demonstrated that the 

 fruit stocks generally used in growing peaches, nectarines, plums, apricots, etc., 

 on the damp soils of Great Britain and the north of France are quite unsuit- 

 able for the hot, dry .soils of Baluchistan. On the other hand, such stocks as 

 Mariana, myrobalan, mahaleb, and Jaune de Metz Paradise have done ex- 

 ceedingly well. 



Cross-pollination experiments in 1916 and 1917, M. van Oijen {Maandbl. 

 Ncdcrtand. Pomol. Vet:, 7 {1917), No. 11, pp. 164-176, pi. 1, figs. 2).— The re- 

 sults are given of cross-pollination experiments conducted with cherries at 

 Maastricht, Holland, in 1916, and of similar experiments with pears and apples 

 conducted in a private fruit garden in 1917. 



Some observations on the growth of apple trees, J. H. Goueley {New 

 Uampshire 8ta. Tech. Bui. 12 {1917), pp. 3-38, figs. 9).— In coimection with the 

 long-continued orchard management study being conducted at the station (E. 

 S. R., 37, p. 833) annual growth measurements of mature apple trees growing 

 under different systems of cultivation were made for a period of nine years, 

 and daily growth measurements were made for the seasons 1913, 1914, and 

 1916. The present paper presents data and observations on these measurements, 

 together with data recorded in 1916 showing the effect of various systems of 

 cultivation on soil temperature. 



Soil temperature records were taken almo.st daily from April 13 to Septem- 

 ber 20 in the following five plats: Permanently in sod, clean cultivation each 

 year, cultivation with a cover crop, cultivation with a cover crop and a com- 

 plete fertilizer applied each spring, and a plat similar to the last, with the com- 

 plete fertilizer high in nitrogen. During the early spring the sod plat was the 

 coolest and those having a heavy mat of cover crops were next lowest in tempera- 

 ture. The clean tilled plat and the tillage cover crop plat to which no fertilizers 

 had been added showed the highest soil temperature. No soil temperatures 

 were taken during the winter months, but observations were made on the depth 

 to which different plats were frozen on March G. The results in general indi- 

 cate that soil temperature is warmest under the sod plat, followed by the plats 

 with fertilized cover crops, and the coolest under the clean culture and light cover 

 crop plats during the winter months. During the summer months the soil 

 temperature runs lowest under the heaviest vegetation and highest under 

 clean culture. 



" In the ninth year of this experiment the trees under a system of cultivation 

 with cover crops exceeded in annual twig growth the trees in sod by 80 per 

 cent. All the plats receiving a complete fertilizer in addition to cultivation 

 and cover crops showed a marked increase in twig growth after the sixth year 

 of the experiment and in the ninth year these plats averaged 26 per cent 

 greater twig growth than the plat without fertilization. A difference in color of 

 the foliage, however, was not noticeable until the ninth year and no increase 

 in yield has yet occurred. The clean culture plat did not average as great an 

 annual twig growth in the second 4-year period of the experiment as in the 

 first 4-year period, but in the ninth year was 58 per cent greater than the sod 

 plat. The yields, as yet, have not been so affected in the clean culture plat. 



