19181 ECONOMIC 200L0GY — ENTOMOLOGY. 361 



was found that at a cost of 8 annas (16 cts.) per tree the crop could be saved 

 and clear profits made. 



The mango hopper pest and its control, T. V. Ramakrishna Ayyab {Dept. 

 Agr. Madras Leaflet 3 (1917), pp. 6, figs. 2).— A more detailed account than 

 that noted above. 



The present status of our knowledge of the homopterous fauna of For- 

 mosa, F. Schumachek (Mitt. Zool. Miis. Berlin, 8 (1915), No. 1, pp. 71-134). — 

 This paper lists 325 species of Homoptera from Formosa, of which 2 genera 

 and 9 species are described as new to science. A bibliography of 38 titles 

 relating to the subject is included. 



Silk. — Replies from commissioners of customs to inspector general's cir- 

 cular No. 103, second series, to which is added Manchurian tussore silk 

 (Shanghai, China: Innp. Gen. Customs, 1917, pp. VII +212, pis. 42). — This is a 

 reprint of a report relating to the production and manufacture of silk in 

 China, published in 1881, to which is added an extended account by N. Shaw 

 of Manchurian tussore silk and a list of the books consulted (pp. 163-199). 

 The paper by Shaw gives an account of the sftturnid silkworm Anthercea 

 pernyi, including descriptions of its several stages, life history and habits, and 

 food plants, which consist of species of oak (Quercus dentata, Q. aliena, Q. 

 mongrjUca, etc.), cultivation and care of trees, a detailed statement on rearing 

 the worms, predacious enemies, and diseases. 



The other 23 varieties of silk-producing moths that occur in Manchuria are 

 said to be quite unimportant commercially. 



[Antler moth (Charasas graminis) infestation] (Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], 

 24 (1917), No. 5, pp. 514-526, pi. J).— A report on an infestation of larvae of 

 the antler moth (C. graminis) in the Peak District, by A. C. Cole and A, D. 

 Imms (pp. 514-522), and an account of an invasion of the caterpillars of the 

 antler moth into Yorkshire, by J. Snell (pp. 523-526), are given. 



The codling moth in 1916, P. A. Glenn (Trans. III. Hort. Soc., n. ser., 50 

 (1916), pp. 197-214, pis. 7). — This is a report of investigations carried on in 

 continuation of those of the previous year (E. S. R., 36, p. 8.53) at stations 

 located at Ozark, Olney, Plainview, and Springfield, 111. A large third genera- 

 tion was found to occur at all the stations and probably as far north as Dixon, 

 though at that place it must have been too small to be of importance. The sec- 

 ond generation at Olney was much larger in proportion to the first generation of 

 1916 than during the previous year. The third generation of 1916 was almost 

 as large as the second. 



Data relating to life history studies are accompanied by a diagram which 

 graphically illustrates the seasonal history of the codling moth, an average daily 

 temperature about 50° F., and the monthly rainfall at Olney in 1916, showing 

 the dates when each of the three generations of pupre, adults, eggs, and larvae 

 began and ended, and the relative number of individuals appearing each day. 

 The mean monthly temperatures at Olney for the growing months of 1915 and 

 1916 and of a normal year are also charted. 



By the use of the first of the two tables given it can be determined when larvae 

 of the first generation will be hatching out. This table gives the date of emergence 

 of the moths and the dates when the first larvae, maximum number of larvae, and 

 last larvae from the eggs of these moths appeared in 1915 and 1916. By collecting 

 200 or 300 larvae early in the spring, or better the preceding fall, and placing 

 them in a cage in the orchard or yard so that they will be under the same con- 

 ditions as to heat and moisture as those left on the trees, and by examining the 

 cage daily after April 20, the date when the first moths emerge can be readily 

 ascertained. Then by consulting the table the observer will find when the eggs 



