1918] VETEKINARY MEDICINE. 385 



the organism isolated from the silage. The agglutinins present in serum highly 

 Immune to B. hotulinus were active to the organism isolated from the silage, thus 

 contributing evidence of the possible relation of this organism to B. botulinus. 

 Normal sera of different animals did not agglutinate B. botulinus nor the 

 organism from the silage. Sheep serum immune to the organism isolated from 

 the silage possessed agglutinating potency to B. botulinus, and to a similar 

 pathogenic anaerobe isolated from a horse fatally afflicted subsequently to 

 drinking water in which was immersed an oat hay obtained from a distant 

 outbreak of this disease." 



Repair of bone in the domestic fowl, B. F. Kaxjpp (North Carolina Sta. 

 Tech. Bui. 14 {1911), pp. S-17, pis. 11). — The author here considers the struc- 

 ture and development of the bones of fowls, the kinds of fractures and the 

 reparative processes, and means of controlling the bird and care of the fracture. 

 The studies consist of a series of 21 cases of fractures in the domestic fowl. 

 '* It was found that at the end of the fifth day islands of bone tissue had begun 

 to form. The repair of fractures in the domestic fowl is intramembranous. 

 The periosteal, endosteal, and intermediary calluses show bone formation in 

 trabecular-like arrangement. By the end of the thirteenth day the major por- 

 tion of the bone tissue had formed and was found completed before the twentieth 

 day. The appliance used to hold the broken bones in apposition in the domestic 

 fowl may be removed with safety by the end of the twelfth or thirteenth day. 

 The structure of compact bone in the domestic fowl is similar to that of 

 mammalia." 



Life history of Ascaris lumbricoides and related forms, B. H. Ransom 

 and W. D. Foster (17. S. Dept. Agr., Jour. Agr. Research, 11 {1911), No. 8, pp. 

 S95-S98) .—The investigations of Stewart (E. S. R., 37, p. 374) having shown 

 that the embryos from Ascaris eggs fed to rats and mice hatch out in the 

 alimentary tract and migrate to the liver, spleen, and lungs, in the course of 

 which they pass through certain developmental changes, and regain the ali- 

 mentary tract by the way of the lungs, trachea, and esophagus, resulting in 

 pneumonia in many of the infested animals, led the authors to conduct the 

 experiments here reported. The results obtained and the deductions drawn 

 therefrom are summarized as follows : 



"The development of A. lumbricoides and closely related forms is direct, 

 and no intermediate host is required. The eggs, when swallowed, hatch out in 

 the alimentary tract; the embryos, however, do not at once settle down in 

 the intestine, but migrate to various other organs, including the liver, spleen, 

 and lungs. Within a week, in the case of the pig Ascaris, the migrating larvse 

 may be found in the lungs and have meanwhile undergone considerable develop- 

 ment and growth. From the lungs the larvse migrate up the trachea and into 

 the esophagus by way of the pharynx, and this migration up the trachea may 

 already become established in pigs, as well as in artificially infected rats and 

 mice, as early as a week after infection. Upon reaching the alimentary tract 

 a second time after their passage through the lungs, the larvae, if in a suitable 

 host, presumably settle down in the intestine and complete their development to 

 maturity ; if in an unsuitable host, such as rats and mice, they soon pass out of 

 the body in the feces. 



" Heavy invasions of the lungs by the larvse of Ascaris produce a serious 

 pneumonia which is frequently fatal in rats and mice and apparently caused 

 the death of a young pig one week after it had been fed with numerous Ascaris 

 eggs. 



" It is not improbable that ascarids are frequently responsible for lung 

 troubles in children, pigs, and other young animals. The fact that the larvse 



