l9l8J bAIKY FAEMING DAIRYING. 477 



(lams are outlined, and the disadvantages of drawing conclusions from such 

 comparisons are pointed out. Bearing in mind the limitations referred to, the 

 author rates two of the bulls as rather unsuccessful, one as a serious detriment, 

 and one as fairly successful. 



Feeding trials with dairy cows in Denmark, A. V. Lund {Ber. K. Vet. og 

 Landbohojskoles Lab. Landukonom. Forsog [Copetihugen], 89 (1915), pp. 109; 

 ahs. in Internat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Internat. Rev. Sci. and Pract. Agr., 7 

 (1916), No. 10, pp. i47S-i.'/Si).— The results of the following experiments are 

 noted : 



I. Trials with mangels and turnips. — In the first test one lot of cows was 

 fed 79.8 lbs. of mangels (9.3 lbs. of dry matter) per head daily, and another lot 

 84 lbs. of turnips (9.26 lbs. of dry matter). During the test the average in- 

 crease of milk yield was 0.73 lb. per cow daily, or about 2.5 per cent, for the 

 cows fed mangels as compared with those fed turnips. No difference was 

 noted in the composition of the milli or in the general condition of the two 

 groups of cows. 



In a comparison of mangels and turnips of low dry matter content with 

 those of comparatively high dry matter content the results showed that the 

 difference in feeding affected neither the quality of milk, its composition, nor 

 the general condition of the cows. 



In testing the effect of I'oots on the quality of butter 16 cows were fed 99.2 

 lbs. of turnips each daily, and another lot of 16 cows, 88.2 lbs of mangels. The 

 butter churned from milk from the turnip-fed lot had a higher iodin number 

 and oleiu content than that from the mangle-fed lot. 



II. Trials tcith cacao cake. — Experiments lasting more than two years were 

 made with two lots of cows, one lot being fed steadily on cacao cake. During 

 the first year 1.75 lbs. per head of peuuut and soy bean cake, fed daily to the 

 first lot, was replaced by 2.42 lbs. of cacao cake. The quantity of milk dimin- 

 ished but the fat content did not increase so as to equal that of the perma- 

 nently cacao-fed lot. In the second year an attempt was made to ascertain 

 the influence of the addition of 1.54 lbs. of cacao cake, particularly as to whether 

 the milk yield was maintained and at the same time the percentage of butter 

 increased. The cacao-fed lot, however, in spite of the addition of cake to its 

 ration, gave less milk than did the other lot, although this contained 0.,15 per 

 cent more milk fat, so that the cows of the two lots produced almost the same 

 amount of milk fat. As in the preceding trial, the milk from the cacao-fed 

 lot proved to be richer in protein but poorer in sugar and ash. A similar 

 trial made in the third year gave concordant results. 



III. Poisoning by theobromin due to cacao cake. — In the experiments here 

 reported by G. H. Hansen, it is noted that cacao cake contains an amount of 

 theobromin approximately ^ual chemically and pharmacologically to the caffein 

 content in coffee and tea. Laboratory experiments both with cacao cake and 

 with theobromin on fowls, rabbits, and mice led to the conclusion that, owing 

 to its poisonous character, cacao cake should not be used as a cattle feed. 



Experiments on the use of rice polish in the feeding- of milch cows, R. 

 Giuliani (Clin. Vet. [Milan], Rass. Pol. Sanit. e Ig., JfO (1917), Nos. IS, pp. 

 384-392; 14-15, pp. 403-421). — The author describes the milling of rice and its 

 by-products and the physico-chemical properties and keeping qualities of rice 

 polish, including results of analyses. Results are given of experiments with 

 eight cows in feeding rice polish. 



It is noted that rice polish is not injurious to the health of cows, but the 

 use of ordinary rice polish which contains some of the finer portions of 

 crushed rice hulls may cause coughing. The amount of rice polish safe to feed 



