478 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.58 



depends, therefore, upon its purity. The feeding of rice polish has practically 

 uo influence on the quantity or quality of milk. For maintenance of weight 

 rice polish compares favorably with wheat bran. The cheapness of rice polish 

 makes it of economic importance in the feeding of dairy cows. 



The cost of milk and fat production in Vermont in 1911 and 1912, G. M. 

 Nelson {Vennont Sta. Bui. 202 {1911), pp. 25-39, flys. 6).— Results are given 

 of a survey in 1911 and 1912 of 71 herds containing 1,547 cows and owned by 

 members of cow-testing associations in seven counties of the State. 



The costs other than feed of keeping a cow for a year varied from $53.39 

 to $19.18 and averaged $36.87. The feed costs varied from $65.34 to $21.85 

 and averaged $42.18 per cow. Of 58 herds, totaling 1,170 cows, the owners of 

 which were personally visited by the author, the herd average milk produc- 

 tion per cow varied from 6,822 to 3,512 lbs. per annum, with a general average 

 of 5,157 lbs. The corresponding milk fat production averages were 349, 142, 

 and 242 lbs. Valuing milk at $1.80 and skim milk and buttermilk at 30 cts. 

 per hundredweight and milk fat at 32 cts. per pound, with an additional credit 

 per cow of $1 for a calf and $8 for manure, the net income per cow varied 

 from $13.45 for milk and $5.83 for fat in the low-producing herds to $33.61 

 for milk and $32.39 for fat in the highest-producing herds. The total cost of 

 production varied from $1.51 to $1.31 per hundredweight for milk and from 

 34.5 to 28.5 cts. per pound for fat. In general, the trend was toward more eco- 

 nomical production as the herd increased in size. 



The data obtained in the study are set forth in graphs and circles. 



The cost of producing market milk in 1916—17 on 212 Vermont farms, 

 G. F. E. Story and W. J. Tubes {Vermont Sta. Bvl. 209 {1917), pp. 3-2^).^ 

 A study is reported of the cost of producing milk during the 12 months ended 

 April 30, 1917, in 212 herds containing 4,650 cows in 12 counties of Vermont, 

 together with comments on the feeding and management of dairy herds under 

 present conditions. 



The average total expense per cow on these farms was $136.11, of which 

 $66.60 was for feed and $35.02 was for labor. Deducting $7.28 for increased' 

 value per cow due to abnormal war conditions, $12.96 for manure, $3.52 for 

 calf, and 49 cts. for hides and feed bags, there remained a net cost of $111.86 

 to be defrayed by the returns from the sale of milk. The average milk pro- 

 duction of these herds was 2,478 qts. (5,328 lbs.) per cow. For this amount of 

 milk the cost at the fariu was 4.51 cts. per quart, or with a charge of 0.273 ct. 

 per quart for hauling, the cost at the railroad station was 4.78 cts. per quart. 

 The effect of the amount of milk produced per cow upon the cost of produc- 

 tion is indicated by data which show that the cost varied from 5.78 cts. per 

 quart on farms averaging 3,535 lbs. per cow to 3.77 cts. per quart on farms 

 averaging 7,701 lbs. per cow. 



An outline for computing cost of milk production and blank foi"ms used in se- 

 curing the data in this study are given. 



Concerning- th.e Burlington milk supply, J. E. Carkigan and W. T. Abell 

 {Vermont Sta. Bui. 202 {1917), pp. 44-^7). — A study of the conditions under 

 which the milk supply of Burlington is handled and of the possibility of se- 

 curing a better and more uniform supply at less cost by establishing a central 

 processing plant and decreasing the duplication of delivery routes. 



Studies on the hygienic production of milk. — Importance and control of 

 the microflora of the udder in the selection of dairy cows, C. Gorini {R. 1st. 

 Lomhardo Sci. e Let. Re7id., 2. ser., 49 {1916), No. 14, pp. 480-489; abs. in 

 Internat. Inst. Ag7: [Romel, Internat. Rev. Sci. and Pruct. Ayr., 7 {1916), No. 

 10, pp. 1482, 1483). — The author reviews his previous experiments on the micro- 



